L2: Organization of the Body & Anatomical Nomenclature Flashcards
What are the 6 different levels of structural organization?
1) Chemicals
2) Cells
3) Tissues
4) Organs
5) Organ Systems
6) Organism
What is included in the axial division of the body?
Head, neck and trunk
What is included in the appendicular division of the body?
Upper and lower extremities (arms, legs)
The dorsal, ventral and abdominopelvic body cavities are found in what division?
Axial
The dorsal body cavity holds what smaller cavities?
1) Cranial cavity
2) Vertebral canal
The ventral body cavity holds what smaller cavities?
1) pleural cavities
2) Pericardial cavity
3) Mediastinum
The abdominopelvic cavity hold what smaller cavities?
1) Abdominal cavity
2) Pelvic cavity
Describe the anatomical position
1) Arms at sides
2) Feet & body facing forwards
3) Palms open facing forwards
What does superior mean?
Above or higher in position; towards the head
What does cranial mean?
Relating to the skull or head; toward the head
What does inferior mean?
Below or lower in position; towards the feet
What does caudal mean?
Relating to the tail; lower in position
What does anterior/ventral mean?
Nearer to or at the front of the body
What does posterior/dorsal mean?
Nearer to or at the back of the body
What does medial mean?
Nearer to the midline of the body
What does lateral mean?
Farther from the midline
What does intermediate mean?
Between two structures
What does ipsilateral mean?
On the same side of the body’s midline as another structure
What does contralateral mean?
Opposite side of the body’s midline from another structure
What does proximal mean?
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure
What does distal mean?
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure
What does superficial mean?
Toward or on the surface of the body
What does deep mean?
Away from the surface of the body
What does bilateral mean?
(something on) Both sides of the body
What does peripheral mean?
Away from the centre. Something away from the centre of a body part
What does parietal mean?
Relating to the walls or outer surface/layer of a body part
Describe a mid-sagittal plane of the body
Divides body longitudinally in equal left and right halves
Describe a para-sagittal plane
Divides body longitudinally in UNequal left and right halves
Describe a frontal/coronal plane
Divides body into front/back halves
Describe a horizontal/transverse plane
Divides body into superior and inferior portions (horizontally divides)
Describe an oblique plane
Divides body on an angle
Name the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity
1) Epigastric
2) Left hypochondriac
3) Right hypochondriac
4) Umbilical
5) Left lumbar
6) Right lumbar
7) Hypogastric
8) Left iliac
9) Right iliac
What organ(s) are found in the epigastric region of the abdominal canal?
- Right lobe of liver
- Gallbladder
- Left lobe of liver
- Stomach
- Transverse colon of large intestine
What organ(s) are found in the left hypochondriac region?
- Spleen
What organ(s) are found in the right hypochondriac region
- Right lobe of liver
What organ(s) are found in the umbilical region?
Small intestine
What organ(s) are found in the left lumbar region?
- Descending colon of large intenstine
What organ(s) are found in the right lumbar region?
- Ascending colon of large intenstine
What organ(s) are found in the hypogastric region?
Urinary bladder
