Lecture 26: Lower Limb Bones Flashcards
What bones connect the axial skeleton to the lower appendicular skeleton?
The pelvic girdle
What bones connect the axial skeleton to the upper appendicular skeleton?
The pectoral girdle
The pelvic girdle consists of how many bones?
two
What does each hip bone consist of?
The ilium, ischium, and pubis
Describe the ilium
Consists of the iliac crest
Is anterior and posterior to the superior and inferior iliac spine
Consists of the greater sciatic notch
Describe the ischium
Consists of the ischial spine, the lesser sciatic notch and the ischial tubrerosity
Describe the pubis
Consists of the obturator foramen, pubic symphysis, and pubic arch
What is the acetabulum?
The part of the pelvic bone where the three bones fuse together
What bones make up the thigh?
The femur, patella
Describe the femur
Consists of a head, fovea, neck, greater trochanter (lateral), lesser trochanter (posteromedial), shaft, medial and lateral condyles, medial and lateral epicondyles, patellar surface and intercondylar fossa
What bones make up the leg?
The tibia and fibula
What bone is considered the shin bone?
The tibia
What components make up the tibia?
medial and lateral condyles on the proximal end, intercondylar eminence, tibial tuberosity, fibular notch, medial malleolus
What components make up the fibula?
The head, shaft, and lateral malleolus
How many bones are in the ankle?
7 tarsal bones
How many bones are in the foot?
5 metatarsal bones
How many bones are in the toes?
14 phalanges
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial, ball and socket
What movements do the hip joint permit?
Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction
What classification is the knee joint
Synovial, modified hinge
What movements does the knee joint permit?
Flexion and extension, as well as medial and lateral rotation when at full extension
What is the joint found in the leg?
The tibio-fibular joint
How many tibio-fibular joints are there? Name them and classify what type of joint they are
Proximal - synovial, very little movement
Middle - fibrous syndesmosis
Distal - fibrous syndesmosis
What kind of joint is the ankle joint?
Synovial hinge
What kind of movement does the ankle joint permit?
Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Inversion and eversion
Where is the proximal joint located?
Superior tibia and fibula. On the lateral tibial condyle and head of the fibula
Where is the middle joint located?
In the interosseous membrane
Where is the distal joint located?
On the inferior tibia and fibula, on the distal fibula and fibular notch
