Lecture 32: Autoimmunity Flashcards
Recall the three components of the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease.
What initiates autoimmune disease?
Differ between autoimmune response and disease.
Autoimmunity results from a ________ autoimmune response with ongoing __________.
Autoimmunity results from a chronic (ongoing) autoimmune response with ongoing tissue damage
Recall normal effector mechanisms in response to self antigens
Recall classifications of autoimmune diseases.
Recall examples of B-cell mediated autoimmunity.
Describe Graves Disease
- Thyroid gland essential for regulating metabolism through the production of thyroid hormones
- Classification: organ specific (thyroid gland), B cell mediated
- Autoantibodies bind to the TSH receptor on thyroid cells
- This stimulates the receptor, thus encouraging enhanced production of thyroid hormones
- Hyperthyroidism
Recall Myasthenia gravis.
Describe SLE.
Recall the pathogenesis of SLE.
Recall examples of T-cell mediated autoimmunity
- Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Describe IDDM.
- Organ specific, T cell mediated (both CD4 and CD8)
- autoimmune destruction of pancreatic b-cells (insulin producing)
- characterised by infiltration of lymphocytes, weak autoantibody response, T cell reactivity to islet proteins
- gradual loss of insulin secretion, and resultant insulin dependence
- occurs more frequently in people with HLA DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8
Recall the Targeted destruction of b-cells in IDDM.
Recall the Role of Th1 cytokines and chemokines in DTH reaction
Describe MS.
Polygenic degenerative disorder of the CNS that results in episodes of paralysis during formative disease, with chronic paralysis in the latter stages
• CD4 T cells specific for myelin antigens promote an inflammatory response and degrade the myelin sheaths covering nerve axons
• Th1 and Th17 responses are detrimental • Th2 responses associated with remission
• HLA-DR15 and HLA-DQ6 associated with disease
Recall the generation of autoreactive antibodies in autoimmunity.
Recall the role of infection in the initiation of autoimmune disease.
