Lecture 31: Allergy and Hypersensitivity Flashcards
Recall the types of hypersensitivity.
Describe Type I Hypersensitivity.
Describe antigens/allergens.
Recall the phases of Type I Hypersensitivity.
Recall the Sensitization Phase of Type I Hypersensitivity.
Recall the effects of mast cell activation.
Recall the physiological effects of mast cell degranulation.
Recall Type I Hypersensitivity Immediate and late phase response
Describe the immediated phase of Type I Hypersensitivity.
Describe the late phase of type I Hypersensitivity.
Describe the two outcomes of type II Hypersensitivity.
Describe the Haemolyticdisease of the newborn.
Recall the treatment of Haemolyticdisease of the newborn
Describe type III Hypersensitivity.
Recall the removal of immune complexes.
Recall the different phases of immune complex clearance.
Recall the mechanism of type III Hypersensitivity.
Recall immune-complex mediated damage.
- Immune complexes deposit on basement membranes and blood vessel walls
- Narrow (turbulence interrupts fluid flow)
- Vasculitis – deposition in blood vessel walls
- Glomerulonephritis – deposition in kidney basement membranes
- Arthritis – deposition in joint synovium and vessels
Describe Type IV Hypersensitivity.
Recall Examples of antigens and pathogens that induce DTH.
Recall the Sensitisation phase of DTH.
Recall Mechanism of contact hypersensitivity
Recall the Stages of DTH reaction
Recall the Role of Th1 cytokines and chemokinesin DTH reaction
Recall the process of Eliciting a DTH reaction in response to contact-sensitizing agent
Describe the Mantoux Test.
Recall the examples of T-cell mediated DTH.
Describe Celiac Disease.
- Type IV hypersensitivity (DTH)
- Not a true autoimmune disease
- High incidence in Europe (1/300)
- >95%patients are DQ2 +ve (some DQ8)
- Gene dosage – homogenous for DQ2 higher incidence
- Hypersensitivity to wheat, barley and rye (gliadins, gliadin like molecules) triggers autoimmunity and pathology
Recall the role of gluten in Coleiac Disease.
- Gluten is a complex mix of glutamine and prolinerich poly-peptides (prolinecontent provides stability in intestine)
- Tissue transglutaminase(tTg) converts glutamine into glutamic acid (negative charge)
- Modified gluten peptides (gliadins) can bind with high affinity to HLADQ2 and HLADQ8 (preference for -vecharge at anchor positions) resulting in T cell activation
- Innate system can be triggered through unknown mechanisms Production of IL15, activation of IELs
Recall examples of DTH to foreign antigens.