Lecture 32- Adrenal, Pancreas, Other Endocrine Tissues Flashcards
Adrenal glands
Pair of pyramidal shaped endocrine organs on top of kidney
Adrenal cortex- outer layer, three layers of glandular tissue, secrete 24 hormones called corticosteroids
Adrenal medulla- inner layer, nervous tissue, part of sympathetic nervous system, produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
Corticosteroids
Steroidal hormones made from cholesterol
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Produced by cardiac muscle cells in atria of heart, used to lower blood pressure
Soma glomerulosa
1st layer of adrenal cortex
Produces mineralocorticoids, mostly aldosterone
Zona fasciculata
Produce glucocorticoids (corticosteroids that help regulate glucose)
EX. Cortisol, stress hormone
Zona reticularis
Produces gonadocorticoids
Pancreas
Mixed gland that contains both endocrine and exocrine gland cells
Two major hormone producing cells:
Alpha- located on outside of islet and produce glucagon
Beta- located in middle of islet and produce insulin
Glucagon
Targets liver, promotes glycogenolysis, gluconeogenisis and release glucose into blood
Insulin
Lowers blood glucose levels
Diabetes mellitus
High blood sugar
Three cardinal signs:
- Polyuria- huge urine output
- Polydipsia- excessive thirst
- Polyphagia- excessive hunger
Type 1 diabetes
Hyposecretion of insulin
Type 2 diabetes
Hypoactivity of insulin
Lipidemia
High levels of fatty acids in blood
Pineal gland
Small gland hanging from roof of third ventricle of brain
Produces melatonin - routine hormone
Adipose tissue
Produce leptin
Acts on CNS produce feeling of satiety
