Lecture 31- Pituitary, Thyroid And Parathyroid Glands

Question 1

Pituitary gland

Answer 1

Located just below hypothalamus connected to brain via infundibulum

Has two lobes: posterior- made of neural tissue
Anterior- glandular made of epithelial tissue

Question 2

Hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract

Answer 2

Neural connection between hypothalamus and posterior pituitary that extends through infundibulum

Question 3

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Answer 3

Vascular connection between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary that extends through infundibulum

Question 4

Six hormones anterior pituitary secretes….

Answer 4

Tropic hormones: thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hrmone, follicle stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone

Non tropic: growth hormone, prolactin

Question 5

Growth hormone

Answer 5

Acts on target cells, triggers body tissue growth

Question 6

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 6

Promotes development and secretory activity of thyroid gland

Question 7

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 7

Promotes release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex

Question 8

Gonadotropins

Answer 8

Regulate function of gonads

Question 9

Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 9

Stimulated production of gametes

Question 10

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 10

Promotes tissues in gonads to produce gonadal hormones

Question 11

Prolactin

Answer 11

Stimulates milk production

Question 12

Oxytocin

Answer 12

Promoter of uterine contractions, promotes sexual and affectionate behaviour

Question 13

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 13

Targets kidney tbukes to reabsorb more water

Question 14

Follicles in thyroid hormone and what do they produce

Answer 14

Follicular cells- produce thyroglobulin
Parafollicular cells- produce calcitonin

Question 15

Steps to synthesize thyroid hormone…

Answer 15

1. Thyroglobulin synthesized and secreted to follicle lumen
2. iodide trapped and oxidized to iodine, the attaches to tyrosine potion of thyroglobulin
3. Iodinated tyrosine’s linked to form T3 and T4
4. Thyroglobulin colloid transported into follicular cells, where thyroglobulin removed, hormone diffuse into bloodstream

Question 16

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 16

Causes osteoclasts to break down bone to increases absorption of Ca in kidneys and activate vitamin D

Question 17

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 17

Leaches calcium from bones, causing them to soften and deform and depresses nervous function

Left untreated can lead to respiratory paralysis and death