Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIIM20002 - Microbes, Infections, Responses > Lecture 31 - Dengue > Flashcards

Lecture 31 - Dengue Flashcards

0
Q

What are the different types of DENV?

What is important about these types?

A

DENV-1
DENV-2
DENV-3
DENV-4

Antigenetically cross reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What sort of infection does DENV cause?

A

Acute, systemic
- clinically mild

May be asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is Dengue transmitted?

A

Mosquito vector

Aedes aegypti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If an individual has been infected with one type of dengue, what can we say about infection in the future?

A

Same type: lifelong immunity

Different type: enhanced risk of more serious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are our treatment and prevention options for Dengue?

A

No antivirals

No vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which group is most susceptible to infection in endemic countries

A

Paediatric population commonly affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the infectious period ?

A

4-6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the incubation periods?

A

Extrinsic: incubation in the mosquito

Intrinsic: time from mosquito bite until clinical manifestations are seen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the common symptoms of Dengue infection?

A 
Fever
Headache
Myalgia
Fatigue
Vomiting
Anorexia
Joint pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is happening in severe dengue?

A

Severe plasma leakage
Haemorrhage
Organ impairment

‘Dengue shock syndrome’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

To which countries is Dengue endemic?

A

South East Asia
India
Central Africa
South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is Dengue a new virus?

A

Urbanisation

Human movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many cases of Dengue per year?

A

100 million symptomatic

2.1 severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the epidemiology of Dengue in southern Vietnam

A

Heterogeneous

Differs year to year

  • location
  • incidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of virus is Dengue?

A

Flavivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some Flaviviruses?

A

Yellow fever
Japanese encephalitis
West Nile virus

16
Q

Describe the structure of Dengue virus

A 
Envelope
RNA genome
Three structural proteins:
- E
- C
- M
17
Q

What are Dengue genotypes

A

Named about where they have been genotyped

Multiple genotypes per type eg. DENV-1

18
Q

What is the DENV proteome?

A

Sequence of all the proteins that this virus makes

Allows us to rationally develop drugs that target these proteins

19
Q

Describe the activity of Aedes aegypti

A

Lays eggs in artificial containers
Rest on surfac inside homes
Daytime biting of humans
–> mosquito infected for life

20
Q

How are dengue Mosquitos controlled?

A 
Chemical vector control
- no evidence that this works
Education
Vaccine development
Wolbachia introduction into Aedes agypti
21
Q

What is the most developed vaccine in trials?

A

Live attenuated
Envelope proteins
Tetravalent
In phase III

Phase II results:
- 30% efficacy

22
Q

What is Wolbachia?

A

Intracellular bacterium
Found in 80% of insects worldwide

Change reproductive behaviour of the mosquitoes that they live in
–> reproductive advantage for Wolbachia infected mosquitoes

Shortens life span of mosquito

23
Q

Why would Wolbachia be introduced into Aedes aegypti ?

A

The infected mosquitoes will haves shorter life span (10 days shorter)

Reduced likelyhood of transmission of dengue virus

24
Q

What was the result of Wolbachia infection?

A

Shorter life span

Mosquitoes are resistant to Dengue infection
–> due to competition between Dengue and Wolbachia

25
Q

What are the different Wolbachia strains?

A

wMel

  • fit
  • intermediate ability to block dengue virus replication

wMel Pop
- unfit in the field

26
Q

Describe the Yorkeys Knob field trial

A

After release in 2011, there was an increase in Wolbachia infected Aedes Agypti

27
Q

Describe the intentions of the Pilot field release

A
  • determine if wMelPop is sustainable
  • best way of release
  • effects on viral interference
28
Q

Describe the results of the Vietnam field trial

A

So far, increase in percentage of Mosquitoes with Wolbachia

MIIM20002 - Microbes, Infections, Responses (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions