Lecture 26 - Sexually Transmissable Infections 1 Flashcards
Which general organisms can cause STIs?
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Protozoans
- Fungi
- Arthropods (lice)
Which bacteria cause STIs?
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Treponema pallidum
Where do STIs cause infection?
Female: all areas of genital tract • vaginitis • cervicitis • endometritis • salpingitis • urethritis
Male: • urethritis • epididymitis • proctisis • prostatitis
What is the name for inflammation of the Fallopian tubes?
Salpingitis
Why is dealing with STIs difficult?
- Stigma
- Embarrassment
- Morals
- Tendency to ignore the infection
→ even though we have good treatment and prevention, we can’t eradicate them
What can salpingitis lead to?
Infertility
What are the common features of STIs?
- Shared mode of transmission
- Shared mode of prevention
• All may be asymptomatic
How is HIV transmitted
• Sexual route
Also, other routes:
• needles
• congenital
What does ‘STIs hunt in packs’ mean?
More than one infectious rate present at once
One infection facilitates the uptake of other agents as well
Under what conditions is HIV transmission rate increased?
Underlying STI → altered barriers
Can an infection be transmitted from asymptomatic individuals?
Yes
What is the main cause of damage in STIs?
Immune response
What are the animal reservoirs of the bacteria causing STIs?
No animal reservoir
Human pathogens only
In general, how are STIs treated?
Antibiotics
In general, how are STIs prevented?
Condoms
Which is one of the most common STI in young people in Australia?
Chlamydia
What infections do Chlamidia trachomatis serovars A,B and C cause?
Trachoma
What is trachoma?
How is it caused?
Ocular infection, scarring of eye and eyelids
Repeated infection with Chlamydia
Especially seen in Aboriginal populations in Australia
How can trachoma transmission be stemmed?
Eye washing
Because flies move the eye secretions between individuals
What do serovars D-K cause?
- Conjunctivitis
- Urogenital tract infections
- Reactive arthritis
- Pneumonitis
What do serovars L1-L3 cause?
Where are these infections commonly seen?
• Lymphogranuloma venereum
- Invades lymph nodes of genital tract
- Abscesses form
- Africa, India, South America
What does Chlamydophila pneumoniae cause?
Atypical pneumonia
What does Chlamydophila psittaci cause?
What is this infection associated with?
Acute respiratory disease
Associated with birds
How many cases per year of C. trachomatis in Victoria?
Why so many?
10,000
People don’t know they have it