Lecture 30: Evolution of Development & Size & Shape Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evolution?

A
  • descent with modification
  • Modification must include a change in the developmental program
  • Evolutionary change must involve changes in the genetic basis of development
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2
Q

What is Ernst Haeckel’s biogenetic law?

A

ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

- During development, descendants pass through developmental stages resembling the adult forms of their ancestors

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3
Q

What is Von Baer’s thought?

A

embryos diverge during ontogeny

- embryos of descendants only resemble embryos of ancestors

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4
Q

Define “phylotypic” stage.

A

the stage at which the embryo takes on the form that is distinctive for its phylogenetic lineage

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5
Q

What where D’Arcy Thompson’s thoughts on growth and form?

A
  • Geometric transformation to “warp” one species form into another
  • Good descriptor of pattern, but doesn’t get at underlying mechanism
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6
Q

Define allometry.

A

differential rates of growth (or evolution) of two different traits, not a 1:1 ratio

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7
Q

Y = b•Xa

A
  • Logarithmic increase in Y as a function of X
  • Linear relationship between Y and X

(log(Y) = log(b) + a•log(X))

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8
Q

positive allometry

A

Y grows faster than X

- Slope of line is still positive, but compare to slope of a = 1.0

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9
Q

negative allometry

A

Y grows slower than X

- Slope of line is still positive, but compare to slope of a = 1.0

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10
Q

Relationship between slopes/intercepts and allometry.

A
- Different slopes:
Allometric relationship 
is different
-Same slopes, 
Different intercepts:
Allometric relationship 
is different
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11
Q

Define interspecific allometry

A
  • Comparison across species

- Use a fixed age

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12
Q

Define intraspecific allometry

A
- Static allometry      (same age)
Ontogenetic allometry (across ages)
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13
Q

Define heterochrony

A

different timing of developmental events in evolution

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14
Q

Define neoteny

A

Retention of juvenile

forms in the adult stage

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15
Q

Define copes rule

A

Increase in body size in a lineage

- think of odd structures

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