Lecture 29: Biogeography & Humans

Question 1

Define endemic

Answer 1

restricted to a specific geographic area

ex: Hawaiian Drosophilia

Question 2

Define cosmopolitan

Answer 2

world-wide distribution

ex: Humans

Question 3

Define disjunct

Answer 3

found in two or more distinct areas

Question 4

Define vicariance

Answer 4

a splitting event separating gene pools, the splitting of a species range

Question 5

Define dispersal

Answer 5

movement of individuals from one area to another

Question 6

What are biogeographic realms?

Answer 6

Regions with distinct Biotas, indicate a unique evolutionary history for that realms

Question 7

What is Wallace’s Line?

Answer 7

Distinct break in the faunas between the Oriental and the Australian Biogeographic zone

Question 8

What is the index of similarity?

Answer 8

C = Number of species shared/ N1 = Number of species in area 1

Question 9

Define phylogeography

Answer 9

studying biogeography using phylogenies

Question 10

What are races of humans?

Answer 10

geographic populations

Question 11

What is the African replacement model?

Answer 11

a group from Africa replaced all other lineages

Question 12

What is the hybridization and assimilation model?

Answer 12

a group from Africa replaced all other lineages with a couple of other lineages sneaking in

Question 13

What is the multiregional evolution model?

Answer 13

different lineages intermixed

Question 14

What is the centers of origin?

Answer 14

• the location of greatest number of species
• the location of greatest concentration of individuals
• etc