Lecture 30

Question 1

Different moments of a cell cycle do what

Answer 1

carry out functions determined by the genes specified as part of its differentiation (normal work)
or replicating its genome and dividing (division)

Question 2

Why can’t cells do normal work and divide at the same time?

Answer 2

bc mechanisms for DNA replication and gene expression get int the way of each other and too many problems would happen if we did them at the same time

Question 3

How do single-cell organisms reproduce

Answer 3

division (binary fission)

Question 4

example of a single-cell organism that divides as reproduction

Answer 4

amoeba

Question 5

how do single-celled organisms grow

Answer 5

through obtaining nutrients (food, carbon) which increases the cell size

Question 6

con of single-cell organism growth

Answer 6

limits how large the cell can because if too big the intracellular functions have problems (things too far apart)

Question 7

binary fission allows

Answer 7

shift from normal behaviors of eating and metabolism to cell division (binary fission)

Question 8

Multi-cell organism must

Answer 8

replenish cells

Question 9

3 main reasons why our cells divide

Answer 9

1. growth of our body
2. replacement of lost or damaged cells.
3. pass genetic material onto offspring

Question 10

how long is the cell cycle 4 main phases

Answer 10

~24 hrs

Question 11

Four main phases of cell cycle

Answer 11

GSGM
Get stoaked go mainy
Gap1
Synthesis
Gap 2
Mitosis

Question 12

Gap1

Answer 12

11 hrs
Cell carries out its normal differentiated functions

Question 13

Synthesis

Answer 13

8hrs
DNA synthesis- replication of the genome

Question 14

Gap2

Answer 14

4 hrs
Rapid protein production preparing for mitosis

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

1hr
division of genomes into 2 daughter cells

Question 16

The human genome during mitosis has

Answer 16

pairs of chromosomes (one from mom and dad), and within each pair the chromosomes are replicated (sister chromatids)

Question 17

5 stages of mitosis

Answer 17

PPMAT
Please pick my apple tree
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase (& cytokinesis)

Question 18

what are centrosomes

Answer 18

protein structures that serve as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs)

Question 19

Centrosomes are what during S phase

Answer 19

Replicated, spread to 2 sides of the cell, and long microtubule proteins extend between the forming spindle fibers

Question 20

What are kinetochores

Answer 20

protein surrounding centromeres of sister chromatids, they act as attachments to spindle fibers
as microtubules of the spindle grow, they cause the chromosomes to line up along the midpoint of the cell

Question 21

What happens in metaphase

Answer 21

when the chromosomes are all lined up at metaphase plate

Question 22

What happens in anaphase

Answer 22

spindle pulls apart sister chromatid pairs

Question 23

what happens in telophase

Answer 23

nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense

Question 24

what happens in cytokinesis

Answer 24

cytoplasm is divided forming two daughter cells

Question 25

Ontogeny recapitulates what

Answer 25

phylogeny

Question 26

The hypothesis that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Answer 26

as we develop from fertilized egg (ontogeny) through embryonic stages, we pass through the forms of our evolutionary ancestors (phylogeny)

Question 27

What is our ancient ancestral cousin

Answer 27

the amoeba

Question 28

All life on earth is connected by what

Answer 28

by the thread of cellular evolution