Lecture 23

Question 1

How is energy distributed throughout the cell (in what form)

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

What are the 5 different ways (as work) ATP is used

Answer 2

SCEMB
So Can Every Marine Base
Synthetic work
concentration work
electrical work (nerves)
mechanical work
bioluminescent work (heat)

Question 3

What is the key reagent in life reactions

Answer 3

oxygen

Question 4

Flame versus catalytic enzymes in glycolysis

Answer 4

flame breaks C-C bonds in glucose simultaneously and the released energy is lost

catalytic enzymes in a cell break C-C bonds systematically, allowing capture of some of the released energy as ATP

Question 5

Early life had no what for metabolism

Answer 5

oxygen

Question 6

Early life had to create ATP without

Answer 6

oxygen, anaerobically

Question 7

Anaerobic ATP generation is

Answer 7

Glycolysis

Question 8

Glycolysis steps

Answer 8

Splitting glucose into 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) molecules, BY USING 2 ATP

Oxidize each G3P molecule by NAD+ creating 2 3-phospho-glycerate molecules, using released energy to make 2ATPs and 2 NADH

Convert the molecules into pyruvate, making 2 more ATPs

Question 9

Glycolysis results in (net gain)

Answer 9

2 NADH (6 ATP)
2 ATP net
2 Pyruvate

Question 10

Glycolysis starts with

Answer 10

1 molecule of glucose

Question 11

Total ATP formed in glycolysis

Answer 11

4 ATP is formed, but 2 is needed to run glycolysis so the net gain is only 2

Question 12

Simplified steps of glycolysis

Answer 12

1 glucose ->2 glyceraldehyde-3-phostphate (G3P) -> 2 3-phospho-glycerate -> 2 pyruvate

Question 13

NAD+ is what to become NADH in glycolysis

Answer 13

reduced, its an oxidizing agent

Question 14

Where does glycolysis occur

Answer 14

in the cytoplasm

Question 15

Glycolysis substrate

Answer 15

1 glucose