Lecture 26 Flashcards
What flows in and out of the krebs/citric acid cycle
carbons
What does CO2 represent (lowest what)
lowest usable arrangement and is discarded
Do the exiting carbons get replaced in the krebs cycle?
Yes, they are replaced in a constant cycle by the acetyl CoA synthesis
How many turns of the krebs/ citric acid cycle happens per glucose molecule
2
What makes the electron transport chain system occur
H+ pumps that form a proton gradient
Complexes in the eletron transport chain
multi-protein complex, I,II,III,IV
route of NADH through the electron transport chain
I,III,IV
Route of FADH2 through the electron transport chain
II,III,IV
What is found in the electron transport proteins
prothetic groups that contain iron (Fe2+) ions that help shuttle electrons
How do prosthetic groups help shuttle electrons in the proteins in the electron transport chain
the electrons become temporarily part of the Fe2+ ion or are added to an oxygen group
Types of prosthetic groups found in the proteins of the electron transport chain
FICC
For income choose clocks
Flavoproteins
Iron-sulfur proteins
cytochromes
Coenzyme Q
Flavoproteins have
have a partial FAD flavin mononucleotide (FMD)
Iron-sulfur proteins have
have an Fe-S core attached to protein’s cysteines
Cytochromes have
have a heme group with Fe at the center OR Fe with copper (Fe-Cu) at center
Coenzyme Q is
non protein-bound (free-floating)
called ubiquinone
How are electrons donated by coenzymes NADH and FADH2 moved
they are donated in a specific arrangement
How are the protein complexes arranged in the electron transport chain
they are not in a row, they encounter each other floating across the mitochondrial membrane
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
in the inner mitochondrial membrane
How many ATP is made through the electron transport chain
38 total ATP, 34 through F-type ATP synthase and 4 through substrate level phosphorylation
What does glycolysis depend on to make ATP?
depends on enzymes transferring phosphates from a substrate to an ADP
What does the electron transport chain depend on?
requires free electrons to set up a gradient
ATP synthase happens by
using the H+ or proton gradient made from electron transport chain
In ATP synthase, how does it affect the subunits?
The H+ flow turns the gamma subunit which changed the shape of the beta subunit
How many ATP per turn in the ATP synthase
3 ATP per turn
H+ pumped due to one NAD+ makes how many ATP
3 ATP
H+ pumped due to one FAD makes how many ATP
2 ATP
The theoretical energy yield of ATP from one glucose molecule is
40% efficient
38 ATP, but realistically 32 ATP due to rounding up NADH and FADH2 contributions
