Lecture 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Phosphate (PO4-) groups are

A

often transferred as a way to regulate substrate function

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2
Q

Kinases do what

A

transfer PO4- to targets (phosphorylation)

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3
Q

Phosphatases do what

A

remove PO4- from targets

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4
Q

Enzyme catalytic domains are

A

highly conserved, used over and over again

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5
Q

What is enzyme regulation

A

enzyme control by binding other molecules or posttranslational modification such as phosphorylation

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6
Q

Example of enzyme regulation

A

allosteric change

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7
Q

What is allosteric change

A

change in the shape of one region of the protein that affects the change in the shape of another region allowing regulation of activity

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8
Q

Anabolic pathways are

A

creation of complex molecules from simpler ones

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9
Q

Anabolic pathways result in

A

endergonic, energy goes into system
+∆G energy

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10
Q

Catabolic pathways

A

breaking down molecules into smaller ones

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11
Q

Catabolic pathways result in

A

exergonic, energy releases from system
-∆G

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12
Q

Glucose most reduced form

A

starch

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13
Q

glucose most oxidized form

A

CO2+H2O

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14
Q

Biological oxidations are

A

highly exergonic (energy releases from system)

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15
Q

Carbs, fats, and proteins are what to release energy

A

oxidized

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16
Q

Dehydrogenation is

A

removal of electrons and protons

17
Q

Coenzymes serve as

A

electron acceptors

18
Q

Coenzymes are

A

small molecules that bind to the enzyme at the same time as the substrate

19
Q

Example of coenzyme

A

vitamins

20
Q

NAD+ is

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

reduced NADH

21
Q

Alcohol metabolism exemplifies

A

co-enzyme function

22
Q

Glucose is

A

primary fuel for our cells

23
Q

Energy molecule from glucose is

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

24
Q

ATP is

A

an intermediate currency molecule

25
Q

ATP does what

A

donates a phosphate group to encourage new lower energy bond (overall -∆G)