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U2 Health Psychology > Lecture 3 (kinda lecture 2) - body systems > Flashcards

Lecture 3 (kinda lecture 2) - body systems Flashcards

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1
Q

The nervous system (NS) is made up of what 2 parts

A

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

what is the nervous system responsible for

A

Chiefly responsible for fast- acting, short-duration responses to changes in the body

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3
Q

Central NS: made up of what

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Peripheral NS: made up of what

A

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

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5
Q

what are the 3 main parts of The Brain

A

hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

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6
Q

what is in the hindbrain

A

Medulla, pons, cerebellum

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7
Q

what is the hindbrain responsible for

A

Coordinates survival functions

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8
Q

what is in the midbrains

A

Tectum, tegmentum

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9
Q

what is the midbrain responsible for

A

Pathway for sensory/motor impulses moving between forebrain and hindbrain

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10
Q

what is the forebrains made up of

A

1) Telencephalon
• Contains the two cerebral hemispheres
2) Diencephalon • Thalamus
• Hypothalamus

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11
Q

what are Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that regulate nervous
system functioning and enable
neurotransmission

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12
Q

Ex. Acetylcholine, serotonin,

GABA, glutamate examples of what

A

Neurotransmitters

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13
Q

What are the 2 main parts that make up the nervous system?
a) The somatic and autonomic nervous systems
b) The sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems
c) The central and peripheral nervous systems
d) The nervous system does not have 2 parts

A

c) The central and peripheral nervous systems

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14
Q

what is the basic function of the endocrine system

A

Complements the nervous system in controlling bodily activities

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15
Q

what is the endocrine system regulated by

A

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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16
Q

what is the endocrine system chiefly responsible for

A

Chiefly responsible for slow-acting, long-duration responses to changes in the body

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17
Q

what is the major player in the endocrine system

A

Adrenal Glands

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18
Q

what are the Adrenal Glands

A

Small glands at top of each kidney

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19
Q

what is the adrenal gland composed of

A

Adrenal medulla

Adrenal cortex

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20
Q

what does the Adrenal medulla

A

stress –>releases catecholamines like

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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21
Q

what does the Adrenal cortex do

A

stress –>release of glucocorticoids like cortisol

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22
Q

The endocrine system is responsible for what kind of responses to changes in the body?
a) Slow-acting and short-duration b) Fast-acting and short-duration c) Slow-acting and long-duration d) Fast-acting and long-duration

A

c) Slow-acting and long-duration

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23
Q

what does the Cardiovascular System do

A

transport system of the body

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24
Q

what is involved in the cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood vessels and blood

arteries carry blood away from heart
•veins return blood tovards the heart

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25
Q

what are the parts to the heart’s pump

A

Diastole

Systole

26
Q

what does the Diastole do

A

Decreased pressure

Blood taken into heart

27
Q

what does the Systole do

A

Increased pressure

• Blood pumped out of heart

28
Q

what is Atherosclerosis

A

Cardiovascular System Disorder: plaques cause narrowing of the arteries

29
Q

what re the clinical manifestations of Atherosclerosis

A

Angina Pectoris: chest pain
• Myocardial Infarction: heart attack
• Ischemia: lack of blood flow

30
Q

Lyla is not in good shape. Every time she goes up stairs she feels pain in her chest. What does Lyla most likely have?
A. AnAneurysm
B. A phobia of stairs C. Phlebitis
D. Atherosclerosis E. Angina Pectoris

A

E. Angina Pectoris

31
Q

what is the immune system

A

Surveillance system of the body

32
Q

what does the immune system influence/impact

A

Impacts infection, allergies,

cancer, and autoimmune diseases

33
Q

why do we have an immune system

A

Primary function to distinguish between “self” and foreign

34
Q

define Immunity:

A

Body’s resistance to injury from invading organisms

• develops naturally or artificially

35
Q

what are some terminology associated with immunity

A

Phagocytosis:
• Lymph node:
• Pathogen:
•Antigen:

36
Q

what is Phagocytosis

A

when certain white blood cells ingest microbes

37
Q

what is Lymph node

A

is center where t and b cells are activated

38
Q

what is Pathogen

A

a foreign substance that can cause disease (virus, bacteria,…)

39
Q

what is Antigen

A

A pathogen’s identification flag

40
Q

what are the Types of Immunity

A

Nonspecific immunity

Specific immunity

41
Q

what is Nonspecific immunity

A

response to anything first three days typically macrophages phagocytosing microbes and prepping to activate specific immune response

42
Q

what is Specific immunity

A

after macrophages present antigen to both b and t cells, specific immunity processes begin

43
Q

Which of the following is correct?
A. T cells produce antibodies
B. B cells produce antibodies
C. T cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity
D. The lymphatic system is responsible for cell mediated immunity
E. B&C

A

E. B & C

44
Q

what are some stressors

A

traffic jams, illness, exams, …

45
Q

what are the negative effects of stress

A

depression, heart disease, high blood pressure, headaches, sleep problems,…

46
Q

what are our responses to stress

A
  • Sympathetic Activation

* HPA Activation

47
Q

what is the Sympathetic pathway

A
  • Part of the autonomic NS
  • Fight or flight
  • Entails:
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Dilated pupils
  • Reduced digestion
48
Q

what is the HPA Axis

A

Part of the endocrine system
• Entails:
• Release of glucocorticoids • Release of catecholamines

49
Q

what does HPA stand for

A

Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal axis

50
Q

how to remember that HPA releases glucocorticoids?

A

Adrenal CORtex–>CORtisol (glucoCORticoid)

51
Q

what do Glucocorticoids do

A

regulatethingsyoudon’tfeel(immune,digestion

52
Q

what are Catecholamines (HPA)

A

regulatethingsyoufeel(heartrate,sweating)

53
Q

what produces Catecholamines

A

Adrenal Medulla–>epinephrine/norepinephrine

catecholamines

54
Q

is the HPA axis a negative or positive feedback loop

A

negative

55
Q

Which of the following is the correct combination/sequence?
A. Hypothalamus–>adrenal–>pituitary
B. ACHT–>CRF–>norepinephrine
C. Cortisol = catecholamine, adrenaline = glucocorticoid D. Cortex–>glucocorticoid, medulla–>catecholamine
E. More cortisol = more CRF and ACHT

A

D. Cortex–>glucocorticoid, medulla–>catecholamine

56
Q

give a summary of the function fo the nervous system

A

NS and endocrine system control system of the

body, mobilized in threat

57
Q

give a summary of how the endocrine system operates

A

• operates chemically and controls growth, helps function of NS

58
Q

give a summary for How the cardiovascular system works:

A

• transport system of body, speeds up in stress,

major cause of death

59
Q

give a summary for • The function of the immune system:

A

• wards off infection by producing infection- fighting cells

60
Q

give a summary for • The physiological systems involved in the stress response:

A

• stress response activates sympathetic NS and HPA

U2 Health Psychology (20 decks)

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