Lecture 3 (kinda lecture 2) - body systems Flashcards
The nervous system (NS) is made up of what 2 parts
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
what is the nervous system responsible for
Chiefly responsible for fast- acting, short-duration responses to changes in the body
Central NS: made up of what
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral NS: made up of what
somatic and autonomic nervous systems
what are the 3 main parts of The Brain
hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain
what is in the hindbrain
Medulla, pons, cerebellum
what is the hindbrain responsible for
Coordinates survival functions
what is in the midbrains
Tectum, tegmentum
what is the midbrain responsible for
Pathway for sensory/motor impulses moving between forebrain and hindbrain
what is the forebrains made up of
1) Telencephalon
• Contains the two cerebral hemispheres
2) Diencephalon • Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
what are Neurotransmitters
Chemicals that regulate nervous
system functioning and enable
neurotransmission
Ex. Acetylcholine, serotonin,
GABA, glutamate examples of what
Neurotransmitters
What are the 2 main parts that make up the nervous system?
a) The somatic and autonomic nervous systems
b) The sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems
c) The central and peripheral nervous systems
d) The nervous system does not have 2 parts
c) The central and peripheral nervous systems
what is the basic function of the endocrine system
Complements the nervous system in controlling bodily activities
what is the endocrine system regulated by
the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
what is the endocrine system chiefly responsible for
Chiefly responsible for slow-acting, long-duration responses to changes in the body
what is the major player in the endocrine system
Adrenal Glands
what are the Adrenal Glands
Small glands at top of each kidney
what is the adrenal gland composed of
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
what does the Adrenal medulla
stress –>releases catecholamines like
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what does the Adrenal cortex do
stress –>release of glucocorticoids like cortisol
The endocrine system is responsible for what kind of responses to changes in the body?
a) Slow-acting and short-duration b) Fast-acting and short-duration c) Slow-acting and long-duration d) Fast-acting and long-duration
c) Slow-acting and long-duration
what does the Cardiovascular System do
transport system of the body
what is involved in the cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessels and blood
arteries carry blood away from heart
•veins return blood tovards the heart
what are the parts to the heart’s pump
Diastole
Systole
what does the Diastole do
Decreased pressure
Blood taken into heart
what does the Systole do
Increased pressure
• Blood pumped out of heart
what is Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular System Disorder: plaques cause narrowing of the arteries
what re the clinical manifestations of Atherosclerosis
Angina Pectoris: chest pain
• Myocardial Infarction: heart attack
• Ischemia: lack of blood flow
Lyla is not in good shape. Every time she goes up stairs she feels pain in her chest. What does Lyla most likely have?
A. AnAneurysm
B. A phobia of stairs C. Phlebitis
D. Atherosclerosis E. Angina Pectoris
E. Angina Pectoris
what is the immune system
Surveillance system of the body
what does the immune system influence/impact
Impacts infection, allergies,
cancer, and autoimmune diseases
why do we have an immune system
Primary function to distinguish between “self” and foreign
define Immunity:
Body’s resistance to injury from invading organisms
• develops naturally or artificially
what are some terminology associated with immunity
Phagocytosis:
• Lymph node:
• Pathogen:
•Antigen:
what is Phagocytosis
when certain white blood cells ingest microbes
what is Lymph node
is center where t and b cells are activated
what is Pathogen
a foreign substance that can cause disease (virus, bacteria,…)
what is Antigen
A pathogen’s identification flag
what are the Types of Immunity
Nonspecific immunity
Specific immunity
what is Nonspecific immunity
response to anything first three days typically macrophages phagocytosing microbes and prepping to activate specific immune response
what is Specific immunity
after macrophages present antigen to both b and t cells, specific immunity processes begin
Which of the following is correct?
A. T cells produce antibodies
B. B cells produce antibodies
C. T cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity
D. The lymphatic system is responsible for cell mediated immunity
E. B&C
E. B & C
what are some stressors
traffic jams, illness, exams, …
what are the negative effects of stress
depression, heart disease, high blood pressure, headaches, sleep problems,…
what are our responses to stress
- Sympathetic Activation
* HPA Activation
what is the Sympathetic pathway
- Part of the autonomic NS
- Fight or flight
- Entails:
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Dilated pupils
- Reduced digestion
what is the HPA Axis
Part of the endocrine system
• Entails:
• Release of glucocorticoids • Release of catecholamines
what does HPA stand for
Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal axis
how to remember that HPA releases glucocorticoids?
Adrenal CORtex–>CORtisol (glucoCORticoid)
what do Glucocorticoids do
regulatethingsyoudon’tfeel(immune,digestion
what are Catecholamines (HPA)
regulatethingsyoufeel(heartrate,sweating)
what produces Catecholamines
Adrenal Medulla–>epinephrine/norepinephrine
catecholamines
is the HPA axis a negative or positive feedback loop
negative
Which of the following is the correct combination/sequence?
A. Hypothalamus–>adrenal–>pituitary
B. ACHT–>CRF–>norepinephrine
C. Cortisol = catecholamine, adrenaline = glucocorticoid D. Cortex–>glucocorticoid, medulla–>catecholamine
E. More cortisol = more CRF and ACHT
D. Cortex–>glucocorticoid, medulla–>catecholamine
give a summary of the function fo the nervous system
NS and endocrine system control system of the
body, mobilized in threat
give a summary of how the endocrine system operates
• operates chemically and controls growth, helps function of NS
give a summary for How the cardiovascular system works:
• transport system of body, speeds up in stress,
major cause of death
give a summary for • The function of the immune system:
• wards off infection by producing infection- fighting cells
give a summary for • The physiological systems involved in the stress response:
• stress response activates sympathetic NS and HPA
