Lecture 3 - Intro to Ethnobotany

Question 1

Ethnobotany combines which 2 sciences:

Answer 1

• social sciences

- natural sciences

Question 2

What does ISE stands for:

Answer 2

International Society of Ethnobiology

Question 3

In what year did the ISE came out with his code of ethics?

Answer 3

1988

Question 4

T or F: Plants can be used as medicines, food, intoxicants, clothing, shelter, ship building material, baskets

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Ethnobotany is a potential lead for _____________

Answer 5

drug development

Question 6

______________ explores the fundamental relationships that exist between plants and indigenous/traditional cultures from around the world

Answer 6

Ethnobotany

Question 7

Name 5 principles in ISE Code of Ethics:

Answer 7

1) prior rights and respect
2) active participation
3) full disclosure
4) educated prior informed consent
5) confidentiality

Question 8

Qinghao is a traditional Chinese medicine that is the source of the antimalarial __________________

Answer 8

Artemisinin

Question 9

T or F: Widespread resistance to artemisinin therapy has became increasingly problematic

Answer 9

T

Question 10

What do you use for preparation of plant extracts?

Answer 10

methanol

Question 11

Explain the drug discovery process:

Answer 11

1) Hit improvement
2) Lead improvement
3) Drug candidate (mechanism of action / target discovery)
4) Pre-clinical (toxicity, dose-response, efficacy)
5) Clinical (adverse-response, efficacy, responder/non-responder)

Question 12

What is bioprospecting?

Answer 12

the exploration of biological resources in search of active compounds for pharmaceutical development

Question 13

Explain the bioprospecting cycle:

Answer 13

1) Bioprospecting
2) Research
3) Products
4) Income
5) Conservation

Question 14

_____________ using the nature knowledge of indigenous people, without permission of financial gains

Answer 14

biopiracy

Question 15

Ecosystems services paradox: Nature is a _____ storehouse of chemical compounds that can cure diseases and treat infections

Answer 15

VAST

Question 16

Bioprospecting agreements believed to:

Answer 16

1) Discover life-savings drugs
2) Provide new income sources
3) Halt deforestation

Question 17

How do we make biodiversity economically valuable?

Answer 17

2 strategies:

1) Identify values that will convince decision-makers to save the forests
2) Obey basic economics & allow nature to flourish without us by accepting current demographic & technological currents

Question 18

1980 vs now:

Answer 18

• Less clearcutting for farmlands
• Less agricultural land available but higher yields
• More urbanization but more urban sprawl

Question 19

What is Tradition Knowledge?

Answer 19

A cumulative body of knowledge, know-how, practices and representations maintained and developed by peoples with extended histories of interaction with the natural environment.

Question 20

Recognizes the value of traditional knowledge in protecting species, ecosystems and landscapes. and incorporated language regulating access to it and its use:

Answer 20

Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) - CBD

Question 21

• Established rules for creating and protecting intellectual property that could be interpreted to conflict with the agreements made under the CBD
• Countries should recognize and affirm in law the primacy of the CBD over the WTO TRIPs Agreement in the area of biological resources and traditional knowledge systems:

Answer 21

TRIPS (1994)

Question 22

was created to promote and protect intellectual property (IP) across the world by cooperating with countries as well as organizations:

Answer 22

WIPO (1999)

Question 23

What does UNDRIP stands for :

Answer 23

UN declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples (2007)

Question 24

Indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, including the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, animals and minerals - Article #

Answer 24

24