Lecture 3 - Intro to Ethnobotany Flashcards
Ethnobotany combines which 2 sciences:
- social sciences
- natural sciences
What does ISE stands for:
International Society of Ethnobiology
In what year did the ISE came out with his code of ethics?
1988
T or F: Plants can be used as medicines, food, intoxicants, clothing, shelter, ship building material, baskets
T
Ethnobotany is a potential lead for _____________
drug development
______________ explores the fundamental relationships that exist between plants and indigenous/traditional cultures from around the world
Ethnobotany
Name 5 principles in ISE Code of Ethics:
1) prior rights and respect
2) active participation
3) full disclosure
4) educated prior informed consent
5) confidentiality
Qinghao is a traditional Chinese medicine that is the source of the antimalarial __________________
Artemisinin
T or F: Widespread resistance to artemisinin therapy has became increasingly problematic
T
What do you use for preparation of plant extracts?
methanol
Explain the drug discovery process:
1) Hit improvement
2) Lead improvement
3) Drug candidate (mechanism of action / target discovery)
4) Pre-clinical (toxicity, dose-response, efficacy)
5) Clinical (adverse-response, efficacy, responder/non-responder)
What is bioprospecting?
the exploration of biological resources in search of active compounds for pharmaceutical development
Explain the bioprospecting cycle:
1) Bioprospecting
2) Research
3) Products
4) Income
5) Conservation
_____________ using the nature knowledge of indigenous people, without permission of financial gains
biopiracy
Ecosystems services paradox: Nature is a _____ storehouse of chemical compounds that can cure diseases and treat infections
VAST
Bioprospecting agreements believed to:
1) Discover life-savings drugs
2) Provide new income sources
3) Halt deforestation
How do we make biodiversity economically valuable?
2 strategies:
1) Identify values that will convince decision-makers to save the forests
2) Obey basic economics & allow nature to flourish without us by accepting current demographic & technological currents
1980 vs now:
- Less clearcutting for farmlands
- Less agricultural land available but higher yields
- More urbanization but more urban sprawl
What is Tradition Knowledge?
A cumulative body of knowledge, know-how, practices and representations maintained and developed by peoples with extended histories of interaction with the natural environment.
Recognizes the value of traditional knowledge in protecting species, ecosystems and landscapes. and incorporated language regulating access to it and its use:
Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) - CBD
- Established rules for creating and protecting intellectual property that could be interpreted to conflict with the agreements made under the CBD
- Countries should recognize and affirm in law the primacy of the CBD over the WTO TRIPs Agreement in the area of biological resources and traditional knowledge systems:
TRIPS (1994)
was created to promote and protect intellectual property (IP) across the world by cooperating with countries as well as organizations:
WIPO (1999)
What does UNDRIP stands for :
UN declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples (2007)
Indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, including the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, animals and minerals - Article #
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