Lecture 10 - Halloween special Flashcards
Flying brooms came from _____ ointment application
Atropa
Witch’s favourites (name the 6 plants involved):
1) Deadly nightshade
2) Datura
3) Wormwood
4) Mandrake
5) Henbane
6) Fly Agaric
________ are often depicted as mystical or forbidden fruit in many religions
Apples
Apples contain __________ that can help lower blood cholesterol
soluble fiber
Apples contain polyphenols, flavonoid ________________ may lower blood pressure. Antioxidants in peel. ________ may reduce inflammation
- epicatechin
- quercetin
What is the dirty dozen:
the top twelve fruits/vegetables that contain the highest amount of pesticides when grown conventionally vs organically
Name some members of the dirty dozen:
- strawberries
- spinach
- kale
- apples
Pumpkins have been grown in ________ for 5000 years. They are indigenous to the western hemisphere
North America
Pumpkin’s brilliant orange coloring comes from its ample supply of ____________. A single cup of pumpkin contains over 200% of most people’s recommended daily intake of vitamin A. Pumpkin also contains _____ and _______, 2 antioxidants that are thought to help prevent cataracts and may even slow the development of macular degeneration
- beta-carotene
- lutein / zeaxanthin
What are the 2 main constituents of turnip ?
- Glucosinolates
- Isothiocyanates
Name a few cruciferous vegetables:
- Kale
- Broccoli
- Brussels sprouts
- Cauliflower
- Turnips
T or F: Cruciferous vegetables reduce all-cause mortality, have reductions impact in prostate cancer risk, bladder cancer risk, breast cancer risk and lung cancer risk in smokers
T
T or F: Cruciferous vegetables increase survival in people that have bladder cancer
T
The enzyme _________ is activated when the plant tissue of cruciferous vegetable is crushed, chopped, or chewed
myrosinase
The enzyme myrosinase is _____________ from sustained boiling or high heat
inactivated
_____________ is a potent isothiocyanate
sulforaphane
What is the precursor of sulforaphane?
Glucoraphanin
Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, explain why?
Because sulforaphane is the most potent naturally occurring activator of the NRF2 pathway that affects over 200 genes incl. antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes
T or F: sulforaphane can reduce cancer risk
T
Sulforaphane:
- Deactivates __________________(these enzymes are responsible for converting procarcinogens into active carcinogens)
- Activate ________________(mediated by the NRF2 pathway, can deactivate procarcinogenic agents and transform them into less reactive water-soluble conjugates)
- Prevents __________ (a type of DNA damage shown to lead to cancer)
- Causes increased expression of __________ in breast tissue
- phase 1 biotransformation enzymes
- phase 2 detoxification enzymes
- DNA adducts
- NQ01
Phase 1 is activated by many ____________. Examples include caffeine, alcohol, dioxin, paint fumes, steroids, pesticides, sleeping pills, contraceptive pills, and cortisone. It’s also activated in a favorable way by: herbs, citrus, vitamin c, crucifer, vitamins, minerals
external toxins
Phase 1 is all about the __________ of harmful toxins in order to break them down into less harmful metabolites. This is necessary, and it does result in _________ which can cause harm
oxidation
free radicals
Phase 2 is all about _________, which uses 6 different pathways to take water-soluble Phase 1 metabolites OUT of your body through your bile, urine and stool
conjugation
Phase 2 absolutely requires:
- sulfur
- amino acids
- molybdenum
- vitamin B12
- glutathione
____________ affect longevity in a pleiotropic fashion, influencing several cell-regulated activities such as stress resistance metabolism, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis
FOXOs
Sulforaphane inhibits the _________________ pathways which causes the activation of FOXO transcription factor
PI3K/AKT & MAPK/ERK
NRF2 pathway regulates the expression of _____________ proteins that protect against ____________ due to injury and inflammation. Sulforaphane is the most potent naturally occurring inducer of NRF2
cytoprotective
oxidative stress
What food contains the most glucosinolates:
broccoli sprouts
