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Herbs class > Lecture 10 - Halloween special > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Halloween special Flashcards

1
Q

Flying brooms came from _____ ointment application

A

Atropa

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2
Q

Witch’s favourites (name the 6 plants involved):

A

1) Deadly nightshade
2) Datura
3) Wormwood
4) Mandrake
5) Henbane
6) Fly Agaric

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3
Q

________ are often depicted as mystical or forbidden fruit in many religions

A

Apples

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4
Q

Apples contain __________ that can help lower blood cholesterol

A

soluble fiber

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5
Q

Apples contain polyphenols, flavonoid ________________ may lower blood pressure. Antioxidants in peel. ________ may reduce inflammation

A
  • epicatechin

- quercetin

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6
Q

What is the dirty dozen:

A

the top twelve fruits/vegetables that contain the highest amount of pesticides when grown conventionally vs organically

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7
Q

Name some members of the dirty dozen:

A
  • strawberries
  • spinach
  • kale
  • apples
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8
Q

Pumpkins have been grown in ________ for 5000 years. They are indigenous to the western hemisphere

A

North America

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9
Q

Pumpkin’s brilliant orange coloring comes from its ample supply of ____________. A single cup of pumpkin contains over 200% of most people’s recommended daily intake of vitamin A. Pumpkin also contains _____ and _______, 2 antioxidants that are thought to help prevent cataracts and may even slow the development of macular degeneration

A
  • beta-carotene

- lutein / zeaxanthin

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10
Q

What are the 2 main constituents of turnip ?

A
  • Glucosinolates

- Isothiocyanates

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11
Q

Name a few cruciferous vegetables:

A
  • Kale
  • Broccoli
  • Brussels sprouts
  • Cauliflower
  • Turnips
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12
Q

T or F: Cruciferous vegetables reduce all-cause mortality, have reductions impact in prostate cancer risk, bladder cancer risk, breast cancer risk and lung cancer risk in smokers

A

T

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13
Q

T or F: Cruciferous vegetables increase survival in people that have bladder cancer

A

T

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14
Q

The enzyme _________ is activated when the plant tissue of cruciferous vegetable is crushed, chopped, or chewed

A

myrosinase

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15
Q

The enzyme myrosinase is _____________ from sustained boiling or high heat

A

inactivated

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16
Q

_____________ is a potent isothiocyanate

A

sulforaphane

17
Q

What is the precursor of sulforaphane?

A

Glucoraphanin

18
Q

Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, explain why?

A

Because sulforaphane is the most potent naturally occurring activator of the NRF2 pathway that affects over 200 genes incl. antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes

19
Q

T or F: sulforaphane can reduce cancer risk

A

T

20
Q

Sulforaphane:

  • Deactivates __________________(these enzymes are responsible for converting procarcinogens into active carcinogens)
  • Activate ________________(mediated by the NRF2 pathway, can deactivate procarcinogenic agents and transform them into less reactive water-soluble conjugates)
  • Prevents __________ (a type of DNA damage shown to lead to cancer)
  • Causes increased expression of __________ in breast tissue
A
  • phase 1 biotransformation enzymes
  • phase 2 detoxification enzymes
  • DNA adducts
  • NQ01
21
Q

Phase 1 is activated by many ____________. Examples include caffeine, alcohol, dioxin, paint fumes, steroids, pesticides, sleeping pills, contraceptive pills, and cortisone. It’s also activated in a favorable way by: herbs, citrus, vitamin c, crucifer, vitamins, minerals

A

external toxins

22
Q

Phase 1 is all about the __________ of harmful toxins in order to break them down into less harmful metabolites. This is necessary, and it does result in _________ which can cause harm

A

oxidation

free radicals

23
Q

Phase 2 is all about _________, which uses 6 different pathways to take water-soluble Phase 1 metabolites OUT of your body through your bile, urine and stool

A

conjugation

24
Q

Phase 2 absolutely requires:

A
  • sulfur
  • amino acids
  • molybdenum
  • vitamin B12
  • glutathione
25
Q

____________ affect longevity in a pleiotropic fashion, influencing several cell-regulated activities such as stress resistance metabolism, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis

A

FOXOs

26
Q

Sulforaphane inhibits the _________________ pathways which causes the activation of FOXO transcription factor

A

PI3K/AKT & MAPK/ERK

27
Q

NRF2 pathway regulates the expression of _____________ proteins that protect against ____________ due to injury and inflammation. Sulforaphane is the most potent naturally occurring inducer of NRF2

A

cytoprotective

oxidative stress

28
Q

What food contains the most glucosinolates:

A

broccoli sprouts

Herbs class (13 decks)

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