Lecture 3

Question 1

What are the major types of bone classifications?

Answer 1

long 
short 
flat
irregular 
sesamoid

Question 2

What are the parts of a long bone?

Answer 2

Diaphysis 
Epiphysis 
Periosteum 
Endosteum 
Blood supply 
Articular cartilage

Question 3

Describe the process of membrane bone formation

Answer 3

1. bone is laid down in a fibrous connective tissue matrix
2. osteoblasts use the collagen fibers to deposit the matrix
3. periosteum may form on either side of the spongy bone
4. periosteum will lay down compact bone on spongy appositionally

Question 4

Where is membrane bone usually found?

Answer 4

walls of cavities such as the bones of the cranial vault

Question 5

What are the basics of endochondral bone formation

Answer 5

cylindrical regions of bone are cut out by osteoclasts and then the removed bone is replaced with new bone through actions of osteoblasts

Question 6

What are the steps of endochondral bone formation

Answer 6

1. ossification center in the future diaphysis of the cartilage model
2. chondrocytes become hypertrophic
3. chondrocytes secrete a growth factor
4. blood vessels break through perichondrium
5. hypertrophic cartilage cells undergo apoptosis; leaving behind a matrix
6. osteoblasts use calcified strands and substrates to deposit the osteoid
7. osteoid is calcified

Question 7

What separates the epiphyses and the diaphyses?

Answer 7

The epiphyseal plate

Question 8

What are the 3 types of joints>

Answer 8

cartilaginous
fibrous
synovial

Question 9

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joints?

Answer 9

1. symphysis: fibrocartilage, pubic symphysis

2. synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage; epiphyseal plate

Question 10

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

Answer 10

Suture: joints between calvaria

gomphosis: peg in socket, teeth in alveoli
syndesmosis: interosseous membrane

Question 11

What are the types of synovial joints

Answer 11

uniaxial (hinge and pivot)
Biaxial (condyloid and saddle)
Triaxial (ball and socket)
Nonaxial (plane joints)

Question 12

What are the characteristics of tendons and ligaments?

Answer 12

density packed bundles of collagen fibers

fibroblasts form and fibrocytes maintain

Question 13

Describe a uniaxial joint

Answer 13

monomial joint
move through one plane around one axis
ligaments are located along the medial and lateral edges of the joints
hinge joints, pivot joints

Question 14

Describe a biaxial joint

Answer 14

two planes around two axes
adduction/abduction and extension and flexion
saddle joint

Question 15

Describe a triaxial joint

Answer 15

movement around all 3 places and axes

ball and socket joint

Question 16

Describe a non axial plane joints

Answer 16

two relatively flat surfaces that slide over one another