Lecture 2

Question 1

What are the characteristics of the connective tissue?

Answer 1

found on every organ except the CNS
relatively few cells
abundant matrix
protein fibers

Question 2

What are the functions of the connective tissue?

Answer 2

physical support 
binds tissues 
structural framework 
body contours 
houses specialized tissues

Question 3

What are the 3 tissue components of the connective tissue

Answer 3

Cells
protein fibers
amorphous non-cellular material

Question 4

What are the nomenclature of the cells

Answer 4

prefix: chondro, osteoarthritis, fibro
suffix: blast, cyte, and clast

Question 5

What are the protein fibers that are associated with the connective tissue

Answer 5

collagen, elastic, reticular

Question 6

What is the amorphous non-cellular material that is found within the connective tissue

Answer 6

glycosaminoglycans

glycoproteins, chondroitin sulfate (cartilage), hydroxyapatite (bone)

Question 7

What is Whartons jelly

Answer 7

The embryonic connective tissue; in the umbilical cord

mostly abundance of extracellular matrix

Question 8

What are the 4 types of adult connective tissue

Answer 8

elastic
reticular
loose
dense

Question 9

What are the fibers that are found in the loose(areolar) connective tissue?

Answer 9

Type 1 collagen and elastic fibers

Question 10

What are the dense (white fibrous connective tissue) characteristics?

Answer 10

high ratio of fibrous components to fibroblasts
thick collagen bundles separated by fibroblasts
tendons and ligaments

Question 11

What are the special types of CT?

Answer 11

adipose
hematopoietic
cartilage
bone

Question 12

Where are adipocytes derived from?

Answer 12

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Question 13

White fat versus brown fat

Answer 13

white fat- unilocular

brown fat- multilocular, slightly more cytoplasm, abundant mitochondria, heat protection

Question 14

What are the most common cells that are located within the connective tissue matrix?

Answer 14

fibrocytes and fibroblasts

Question 15

What are the most abundant fibers in the matrix?

Answer 15

collagen fibers

Question 16

What is the ground substance of the matrix composed of?

Answer 16

gylcosaminoglycans and glycolproteins

Question 17

Describe glycosaminoglycans

Answer 17

large and negative charge
amorphous substance in connective tissue
linked to protein to form proteoglycans
4 groups

Question 18

What are the 4 groups of glycosaminoglycans?

Answer 18

Hyaluronic acid
Heparin and Heparin sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate and derma tan sulfate
Keratan sulfate

Question 19

What is hyaluronic sulfate

Answer 19

GAG (largest)
lacks a sulfate group
present in all connective tissues esp tissue and skin
binds with water and serves as a lubricant

Question 20

What does the heparin and heparin sulfate GAG compose?

Answer 20

basement membrane, skin lung, liver, blood vessels, mast cell granules

Question 21

What does the chondroitin sulfate and the derma tan sulfate compose?

Answer 21

cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels, heart, cornea

most abundant sulfated GAG

Question 22

Where is keratin sulfate found?

Answer 22

Type 1- cornea

Type 2- cartilage and nucleus pulpous of intervertebral discs

Question 23

What are the 2 types of glycoproteins and what do they do?

Answer 23

chondroitin- adhesion of mature chondrocytes to collagenous substrates
laminin- basal laminae; attaches epithelial cells to lamina propria

Question 24

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 24

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

Question 25

What is the matrix of cartilage formed of?

Answer 25

Chondroitin sulfate
collagen fibers
proteoglycans

Question 26

What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 26

most common 
avascular 
type 2 collagen 
surrounded by perichondrium 
transluscent 
solid but flexible 
can grow in 2 ways (appositional and interstitial)
support cartilage

Question 27

Where is the hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 27

Ears, nose, moveable joints, larynx, tranchea, bronchi, fetal long bones, articular ends of bones

Question 28

Does cartilage tend to develop in areas of low oxygen or high oxygen?

Answer 28

low

Question 29

What are the characteristics of elastic cartilage?

Answer 29

addition of elastic fibers to the matrix 
surrounded by perichondrium 
yellow bc elastic fibers 
opaque, flexible, elastic 
chondrocytes single 
type 2 collagen

Question 30

Where is the elastic cartilage found?

Answer 30

Auricle(pinna of ear)

epiglottis

Question 31

What are the characteristics of the fibrocartilage?

Answer 31

increased collagen in the matrix 
not surrounded by perichondrium 
opaque appearance 
type 1 collagen 
single sparse chondrocytes

Question 32

Where is fibrocartilage located?

Answer 32

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, insertion of sone tendons and ligaments
dense connective tissue or hyaline cartilage
larynx

Question 33

Bone tissue characteristics

Answer 33

canalicular system 
highly vascular and in close proximity to capillaries 
bone length is appositional 
resorbed, reconstructed and remodeled 
osteoblasts> osteocytes

Question 34

What are the 3 types of bone?

Answer 34

woven, spongy, compact

Question 35

What are the characteristics of woven bone?

Answer 35

occurs during bone development and repair
reproduce rapidly
collagen foundation
less structural integrity

Question 36

What are the characteristics of spongy bone?

Answer 36

cancellous bone

3D lattice of branching bone spicules

Question 37

What are the characteristics of the compact bone?

Answer 37

lamellar bone
laminae
flattened and parallel
arranged around a central canal (Haversian canal)