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Psycho 377 > lecture 3 > Flashcards

lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

karl lashley - lesion findings

the law of mass action

A

not location of lesion but extent of lesion.
equipotentiality & plasticity can take over damaged area and recover function.
*equipotentiality believed now.

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2
Q

Penfield - localization of function.

- anterior intraparietal sulcus (splits inferior parietal lobe) lesion =?

A

map homunculi in surgical patients

AIP sulcus lesion = inability to pre-shape hands during grasping

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3
Q

fodor - modularity of mind.
encapsulated mental processes, impervious to other things..

** read up on this**

A

different mental parts of mind.

essential, automatic, fast and highly specialized system for orienting, actions, and face recognition.

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4
Q

closed head injury

A

acceleration/deceleration = hit head, no break in skull.

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5
Q

cerebral oedema

A

altitude change causes swelling of brain due to fluid

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6
Q

infarction

A

neuronal necrosis = tissue death assoc w inadequate blood supply.

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7
Q

ischaemia

A

decreased blood flow

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8
Q

thrombosis

A

clot

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9
Q

stroke

A

loss of blood supply in brain

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10
Q

haemorrhage

A

bleeding

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11
Q

tumor

A

intervention = = take out layer of healthy tissue

= displace tissue,

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12
Q

anoxia

A

no oxygen to tisue.

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13
Q

encephalopathy

A

toxicity= inflammation of brain associated with altered mental state.

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14
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation in brain due to infection
primary (from brain)
secondary (from body)

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15
Q

hydrocephalus

A
  • overproduction of CSF

decreased absorption of CSF

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16
Q

surgery

A

tumor, epilepsy, DBS etc. may be issues with that.

17
Q

HC - seizures.

had left hemispherectomy to minimize and abate seizures

A

lost site in right VF - no neglect (contralateral)
limp in right leg, preserved right hand control in left hand - possible right motor cortex compensates.
language = right side (usually more on left) - plasticity due to age?
disrupt electrical connection to stop seizure.

18
Q

galen - patients with circumscribed brain damage

A
  • knew there were links btw brain (injury) and mind (behaviour)
19
Q

lesion methods: neural substrates vs cognitive function

A

NS = know where brain damage is, look for deficits.

CF = people with various stroke lesions that suffer same problem = put together all lesions and see where common areas of damage are - correlate to deficits in behavior

20
Q

brenda milner and hippocampal function

  • what lesion method?
  • hippocampal function?
A
  • used neural substrates technique.

- hippocampus = spatial navigation, LTM, STM.

21
Q

hemineglect patients

A

not aware of portions of space

22
Q

double dissociation

ex:

A

lesion A = deficit in A but not B
lesion B = deficit in B but not A.

language - broca’s (output) vs Wernicke’s (comprehension)

23
Q

caveats to lesions

A

variability in popln = age, gender, education, experience.
lesion (no two are the same)
etiology (cause of lesion)
indirect observations - part of brain actually involved in behaviour or evolved in connection to critical parts or connection through to important areas? alternate strategies = test and make inferences to do tasks in more than one way.

24
Q

multiple case studies

A
  • need to relate test to different types of people. need large population for each group.
25
Q

neurologically intact individuals

- what kind of group?

A

control group. match subjects to the experimental group in terms of age, gender, handedness.

26
Q

non-human animals

A

use for neuropsych research.

test parietal cortex: memory, attention, visuo-motor control

27
Q

clinical neuropsych assessment:

  • cognitive capacity profile
  • baseline, prognosis.
A

ID weaknesses and strengths. provide baseline for rehab.
prognosis - what they expect the healing would be.
- in conjunction with full neuro exam.

28
Q

principles of assessment

A
  • ID presence and type of mild disturbance
  • differentiate btw brain injury and psych disorder
  • deficit evaluation and rehab planning
  • evaluate effects of surgery and drug therapy.
  • evaluate scholastic problems in children
  • objective data for research
    legal forensics
    legal assessment for suitability of person to work, retain child custody.
29
Q

mini mental state exam (MMSE)

A

orientation - where is person? specifics.
registration - name 3 unrelated objects, repeat back.
attention/calculation - spell backwards, cont backwards from 100 by 7’s
recall - ask names of 3 previous objects
language - name, commands, repeat, write sentence
similar to concussion test

30
Q

halstead-reitan battery

- 11 tests

A

category, tactual, rhythm, speech (repeat), 10 second finger tapping.

31
Q

WAIS-III

A

test working memory.

verbal and non-verbal (visuospatial), verbal comprehension, processing speed.

32
Q

raven progressive matrices

A
  • match empty space with what matches pattern
33
Q

judgement of line orientation test

- dot localization

A
  • match line with protractor.

- empty grid next to number filled. which numbers do dots cover?

34
Q

issues in neuropsych assessment

  • reliability
  • validity
A
  • R = same result under same condition to same person.

- V = testing what you thin you’re testing

35
Q

types of validity

A 
construct = test targeted cognitive function?
localization = reflect focal lesions?
diagnostic = diagnose disease?
ecologic = predict everyday relevant behaviour
36
Q

issue in neuropsych assessment = premorbid functioning

A

= performance levels prior to injury.
- low functioning premorbidly = risk of misattributing low score to injury

  • high-functioning pre = risk of overlooing dysfunction due to compensatory strategies
37
Q

issue in neuro assess

  • psychiatric disorder
  • compliance and malingering
A
  • rule out axis 1.
  • malinger = exaggerate minor deficit. extend deficit to match what others suffer with. = not always “faking” - self awareness is low.
  • MMPI - loo for exaggerated or unrealistic response patterns
38
Q

experimental psych vs neuro psych assess

A

E: volunteers, resilient. research, aggregate behaviour, average behaviour. avoid false positive
N : patients - sensitive. application, specific behaviour, disordered behaviour, avoid false negatives, hypotheses about brain dysfunction

Psycho 377 (12 decks)

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