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Psycho 377 > lecture 2 > Flashcards

lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anterior

posterior

A 
A = nose
P = back of brain
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2
Q

sagittal
coronal
horizontal

A 
S = vertical thperpendicular to corpus callosum
C= perpendicular to corpus callosum
hoizontal = perpendicular to brain stem.
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3
Q

neurological convention of brain imaging

A
  • view parts as same as own head. left on pic = left on you
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4
Q

medial

lateral

A 
M= inside
L= outside
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5
Q

dorsal

ventral

A

D=back (top of head)
V= front (chin)
* goes w quadrapeds*

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6
Q

ipsilateral

contralateral

A 
I = same side
C= opposite side
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7
Q

structures that lie in both hemispheres =?

A

bilateral

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8
Q

close together =?

far apart =?

A

proximal

distal

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9
Q

efferent

A

away from brain (motor)

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10
Q

afferent

A

toward the brain (sensory)

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11
Q

how many carotid and vertebral arteries supply blood to brain.

A

2 of each

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12
Q

Irrigates medial and dorsal parts of cortex =?

A

anterior cerebral artery

(irrigates longitudinal fissure

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13
Q

irrigates lateral surface of cortex

A

middle cerebral artery

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14
Q

irrigates ventral and posterior surfaces of cortex =?

A

posterior cerebral artery

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15
Q

dorsal spinal cord

A

receives sensory input

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16
Q

ventral spinal cord

A

projects motor commands and integrates from other areas.

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17
Q

damage to spinal cord affects?

A

areas below the point of energy

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18
Q

medulla

  • location
  • function?
A
  • inferior part of brainstem
  • motor fibers cross - important for corpus callosum damage
  • reticular activating system (RAS)- arousal
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19
Q

pons
- location
function

A
  • superior to medulla in brainstem. in brain stem
  • connects cerebellum to higher brain
  • contains superior olive (auditory). receives input from both ears, allows one to judge where sound is in space, timing, sound, pitch
20
Q

midbrain

  • location
  • function
A

superior to pons
- colliculi responsible for early-orienting response of eye muscles, head and neck muscles
inferior = auditory info
superior = visual info

21
Q

early-orienting response

A

turn head in response to visual or auditory stimulus.

- cant inhibit unless you know it’s coming

22
Q

thalamus

A
  • diencephalin, not brain stem structure
  • relay centre - critical for many sensory connections to pass thru.
  • attention.
23
Q

forebrain has 3 main structures

A

basal ganglia
limbic system
cerebral cortex

24
Q

basal ganglia - made up of 3 nuclei
- inputs and outputs?
function?
disease/disorder?

A
  1. putamen
  2. globus pallidus
  3. caudate nucleus
    input from all areas, projects to frontal/motor regions via thalamus
    function - sequencing movement
    - controlling movement.
25
Q

limbic system

4 parts

A

amygdala = emotion and species-typical behaviours
hippocampus: memory and spatial navigation
septum = emotion and species typical behaviour. interface btw higher and lower level behaviour
cingulate cortex = emotion, cognition, executive function, motor control = always active..

26
Q

neocortex
- proportion of human brain?
- layers?
hemispheres? lobes?

A

80% of human brain
6 layers
2 hemi, 4 lobes

27
Q

fissure
sulci
gyri

A 
F = cleft in cortex, deep enough to indent ventricles
S = shallow cleft
G = ridge in cortex
28
Q

comparative neuroanatomy - sulcal pattern?

A

more sulcal pattern = more complex interaction = infer more evolutionarily advanced

29
Q

4 lobes and their primary areas

A 
frontal = motor
parietal = body senses (somatosensation)
temporal = auditory
occipital = visual
30
Q

secondary areas - define.

A

adjacent to primary areas
receive input from primary areas,
interpreting sensory input or organizing movements

31
Q

tertiary areas/ association cortex. - where? fxn?

A

located btw secondary areas, multiple regions in cortex. mediate complex activities

32
Q

4 types of axon projections in neocortex

A
  1. lobe - lobe
  2. within lobe
  3. interhemispheric
  4. connections through thalamus
33
Q

homotopic points - define

A

contralateral/bilateral points that are found in each hemisphere and correspond to one another.
can be functionally, or anatomically homotopic, or both!

34
Q

interhemispheric fissure

A

deep

divides brain into 2 hemispheres

35
Q

sylvian fissure

A

deep. mostly horizontal.
separates temporal lobe.
sometimes more vertical on right side

insula (cortical structures) buried within it

36
Q

collateral sulcus

A
  • divide lingual and parahippocampal gyri from fusiform gyrus
  • underside of temporal lobe
37
Q

cingulate sulcus

A

divides cingulate gyrus from paracentral lobule and extended visual area (PCL)

38
Q

central sulcus
precentral sulcus
postcentral sulcus

A
  • C = btw frontal and parietal
    Pre = in frontal, btw rest of frontal, and motor homunculus. . intersects with superor frontal sulcus
    post = btw parietal and sensory homunculus. = often in two parts. = T-junction with intraparietal sulcus.
39
Q

intraparietal sulcus

A

intersects with inferior postcentral sulcus.
posteriorally forms t-junction with transverse occipital sulcus
divides superior and inferior parietal lobule

40
Q

superior & inferior temporal sulci

A 
S = divides superior and middle temporal gyrus
I = divides middle from inferior temporal gyrus. = less free-standing = various sections to it.
41
Q

superior and inferior frontal sulci

A 
S = divides superior and middle frontal gyrus
I = divides middle frontal and inferior gyri.
42
Q

brodmann areas

A

looked at brain tissue under microscope. figured out different areas of the brain by cell staining. different areas had different morphology of cells.

43
Q

contralateral organization of brain

decussation - define

A
  • sensory stimulation in brain from contralateral side of body.
  • brain controls musculature of contralaterl body.

D= crossing over of fibers along the center of the NS

44
Q

homunculus

- body to brain

A
  • inverted, top of brain = bottom of body. more brain region = more muscular control/somatosensation
45
Q

protection of brain

A

BBB, meninges, skull, CSF

Psycho 377 (12 decks)

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