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Psycho 377 > L10/11 - occipital lobes - object recognition, disorder of perception > Flashcards

L10/11 - occipital lobes - object recognition, disorder of perception Flashcards

1
Q

3 clear landmarks on the medial surface of occipital lobe

A 
parieto-occipital sulcus (most superior)
collateral sulus ( middle)
calcarine sulcus ( most inferior
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2
Q

where is V1 located?

A

in the calcarine sulcus. - separated as upper and lower visual fields.

  • upper sulcus = lower VF
  • lower sulcus = upper VF
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3
Q

2 landmarks of the ventral surface of the occipital lobe

A

lingual gyrus - houses V2/VP

fusiform gyrus - houses v4

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4
Q

subdivisions of the occipital cortex

A 
v1, v2 - more complex moving forward. 
temporal extent
intraparietal 
lateral occipital
fusiform face area
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5
Q

division in vision - 2 streams

lesions cause?

A

dorsal = where. make assoc based on things in space.
D lesion: cant assoc target w spatial position

ventral - what * inferior temporal lobe path*. difference between objects and naming.
areas involved = anterior inferior temporal & posterior inferior temporal. lesion = cant tell difference between objects.

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6
Q

more complex - engage where?

A

engage further downstream areas = more anterior with complexity.

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7
Q

where are biological features interpreted?

A

v4/v5

- functional specificity for complexity of environment

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8
Q

primary job of v4

A

colour vision. (also distributed through occipital cortex tho)
- plays role in detection of movement, depth and position.

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9
Q

connections of the visual cortex.
V1 input, output?
v2 - output
after v2 - output paths?

A
  • V1 - input from lateral geniculate nucleus. output to all levels.
    v2 - output to all levels.
    v2 paths:
  • to parietal = dorsal stream
  • to inferior temporal lobe - ventral steram
  • to superior temporal sulcus = superior temporal sulcus stream.
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10
Q

function of 3 pathways

A

dorsal - visual guidance of movement
vental - object perception
STS - visuospatial functions, movement perception.

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11
Q

5 categories of vision - list

A 
vision for action
action for vision
visual recognition
visual space
visual attention
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12
Q

what is vision for action?

A
  • parietal visual areas in the dorsal stream used to prep body for interacting w moving objects & to know where to move
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13
Q

action for vision - what stream?

A

dorsal stream because deals with movement - maybe some interplay with ventral stream
invovled with visual scanning & eye movements

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14
Q

action for vision - normal vs agnosic patient

A
  • normal: eye movement tracked around face, eye and mouth = focus. focus on left side of pic/right side of face = maybe important for recognizing.
  • agnosic = can’t ID object - random eye movements. brain cant direct eyes in meaningful way
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15
Q

what is visual recognition? what area related?

A

temporal lobes invovled in object recognition

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16
Q

what is visual space? brain area related?

A

parietal and temporal lobes encode for spatial location

  • egocentric (object relative to person)
  • allocentric (object relative to other person
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17
Q
  • what is visual attention
A

selective attention for specific visual input.

parietal lobes guide movement, temporal in object recognition.

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18
Q

3 important ventral regions

A

lateral occipital cortex
fusiform face area
superior temporall sulcus

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19
Q

function of LOC

A

object analysis

  • perceptual constancy (same objects regardless of size, location viewpoint, illumination)
  • form-cue invariance: recognize object regardless of how it is depicted.
  • sensitive to visual illusion
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20
Q

function of fusiform face area

A

face analysis

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21
Q

funciton of superior temporal sulcus

A

analysis of biological motion

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22
Q

important dorsal region

A

anterior intraparietal sulcus

- object-directed grasping.

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23
Q

david marr - scaffolding

A

low level info gets scaffolded upon.

edges, regions -> texture, depth -> scene is visualized (allo/ego-centric)

24
Q

what are geons?

A

volumetric properties - specific and limited set. can be put together to build larger thing with meaning.

25
Q

goodale & milner model of vision for percepiton & vision for action

  • object recognition/perception? what stream? which brain areas?
  • action? what stream? brain areas.
A

reco = ventral.
v1, v2, v3 (dynamic form), v4 (colour form), LOC - temporal visual areas

act = dorsal.
v1, v5 (motion), v3a (form), parietal areas - AIP

26
Q

name disorders of visual pathways

A
  • monocular blindness
  • bitemporal hemianopia
  • nasal hemianopia
  • homonymous hemianopia
  • macular sparing
  • quadrantoanopa or hemianopia
  • field defects: scotoma
27
Q

monocular blindness

A

loss of sight in one eye

- results from destruction of retina or optic nerve

28
Q

bitemporal hemianopia

A

loss of vision from both temporal fields (extend to nasal hemi-retina)
- lesion to the medial region of the optic chiasm

29
Q

nasal hemianopia

A

loss of vision of one nasal field - due to one temporal retina.
lesion of lateral region of optic chiasm
- need 2 lesions for bi-nasal hemianopia.

30
Q

homonymous hemianopia

A

blindness of one entire visual field

- cut of optic tract, LGN or V1.

31
Q

macular sparing

A

sparing of the central or macular region of the visual field.

  • results from lesion ot occipital lobe. - redundant blood supply to that area
32
Q

quadrantoanopia/hemianopia.

A

complete loss of vision in 1/4 of fovea or 1/2 of fovea.
results from lesion to occiipital lobe.
hemianopia has larger lesion to v1(calcarine sulcus) than quadrantoanopia.

33
Q

field defects

A

scotoma - small blind spots. often unnoticed due to nystagmus
- reult from small lesion to occipital lobe

34
Q

what is nystagmus

A

tiny, involuntary eye movements

35
Q

disorders of cortical function

  • BK - v1 damage and scotoma
  • lesion?
  • symptoms?
A

right infarct in occipital lobe.
- blindight. could perceive motion, location without perceiving content.
.- could detect light, had feeling but couldnt see object.
- slow facial recognition- face area in right hemisphere correspond to lesion.

36
Q

disorders of cortical function
- DB v1 damage and blindsight
lesion?
symptoms? due to what stream?

A

angioma in right calcarine fissure
- cortical blindness: could report mvoement and location, but no conscious awareness of seeing = due to dorsal stream: see when not consciously seeing. = automatic process.

37
Q

disorder of cortical function
case JI: V4 damage and loss of colour vision
accident? damage where?
better acuity when?

A

concussion resulted in loss of colour vision.
- damage in occipital cortex.
= improved acuity at twilight, bc rods worked in dark, cones at night.

38
Q

disorder of cortical function
case PB: conscious colour perception in a blind patient
damage?
symptom?

A

suffered ischemia that destroyed large area of posterior cortex & visual cortex
- can only detect presence or absence of light. could see colour.

39
Q

disorder of cortical function
case of LM: V5damage and perception of movement
- lesion:

A

vascular abormality produced bilateral posterior damage.

  • loss of movement/snapshot vision.
  • couldnt intercept moving object.
40
Q

disorder of cortical function- case DF: where is damage? what are sympotms? caused by?

A

occipital damage = visual form agnosia due to CO poisoning.

bilateral damage to LO region and tissue between parietal and occipital lobes

41
Q

what is visual form agnosia?

A

inability to recognize line drawings of objects.

- can use visual info to guide movement, not for recognizing objects

42
Q

3 types of visual agnosia

A

apperceptive agnosia
associative agnosia
specific agnosia

43
Q

what is apperceptive agnosia .

problem is probably where?

A

perceptual categorization - cannot form a whole. recognize local aspect, cant put together
- issue probably in ventral stream

44
Q

what is associative agnosia?
maybe issue with?
- lesions where?

A
  • can describe with detail, cant put a name to it.
  • maybe recall, memory access disorder.
  • more medial lesions of temporal or hippocampus
45
Q

what is specific agnosia?

- issue with?

A

know all object except those linked to specific category

memory access disorder

46
Q

face processing and prosopagnosia
- monkey studies: inferior temporal lobe

  • humans: posterior right hemisphere
A
  • monkey: configuration of face in correct way causes firing of cells in inferior temporal. specificity for kinds of configural info - upright but not for mixed.
  • humans: configurational info leads to responses.
  • inversion effect: ID better when upright than inverted.
47
Q

thompson illusion

- right hemisphere damage effects

A

deals with face and configuration of face.
- right hemi damage = fusiform gyrus. when inverted pic- same performance as intact.
upright pic - poorer performance. - can’t ID face because areas of brain are lesioned.

48
Q

N170 & face processing

A
  • recorded in right temporal cortex. - face adaptation paradigm.
  • respond if face is same as adapting. time locked paradigm.
  • N170 = most negative when face is upright and same. when inverted or different = more positive.
    more negative = need less brain area, neural procesing to interpret.
49
Q

face processing - right hemisphere N170

- electrodes on left and right inferior temporal lobes.

A
  • left hemisphere: encodes for both inverted and upright faces.
  • right hemisphere - encodes v strongly to upright faces. preference*
    shows right lateralization for face recognition.
50
Q

role of experience in recognition

- radiologists

A

everyone had same ability in facial recogniton.
ID abnormal scan theyve seen before - better as spend more time in field.
- to ID normal scan theyve seen before- more experience get worse. all the normal scans begin to blend into each other - not detected.

51
Q

role of experience in recognition - bird/car

A

bird man vs car man.
similar ID-ing faces. - in brains, found the FFA
cars - only car man had FFA light up.
brids - only bird man had ffa light up.
FFA = process configural info. not just faces.

52
Q

role of experience in recogntiion

- greebles, 2 parts

A
  1. upright or inverted. after time, greeble performance matches face performance. - favour upright of both face and greeble.
  2. greeble expert vs novice. more FFA activation in expert than in novice.
53
Q

prosopagnosia

A

face blindness

  • category specific agnosia.
  • related to damage in FFA.
  • deficit in how features come together
54
Q

covert face recognition task -saying name alongside picture

A
  • normal: when name aligns with pic - quick. when face and name dont align - takes longer. even longer when not associated in any way.
  • prosopagnosia, cant ID the face. but also seen that slower when names are incongruent.
    = implicit memory: strong inference that prospagnosia can ID something about face because performance same as in normal. but, something about how processed in brain, or put together.
55
Q

tactile recognition

- brain area involved?

A

lateral occipital. tactile visual info.

  • area of convergence for recognition - using tactile and visual info.
  • auditory not processed, but vision and tactile info are processed.

Psycho 377 (12 decks)

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