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Psycho 377 > L10/11 - occipital lobes - object recognition, disorder of perception > Flashcards

L10/11 - occipital lobes - object recognition, disorder of perception Flashcards

1
Q

3 clear landmarks on the medial surface of occipital lobe

A 
parieto-occipital sulcus (most superior)
collateral sulus ( middle)
calcarine sulcus ( most inferior
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2
Q

where is V1 located?

A

in the calcarine sulcus. - separated as upper and lower visual fields.

  • upper sulcus = lower VF
  • lower sulcus = upper VF
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3
Q

2 landmarks of the ventral surface of the occipital lobe

A

lingual gyrus - houses V2/VP

fusiform gyrus - houses v4

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4
Q

subdivisions of the occipital cortex

A 
v1, v2 - more complex moving forward. 
temporal extent
intraparietal 
lateral occipital
fusiform face area
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5
Q

division in vision - 2 streams

lesions cause?

A

dorsal = where. make assoc based on things in space.
D lesion: cant assoc target w spatial position

ventral - what * inferior temporal lobe path*. difference between objects and naming.
areas involved = anterior inferior temporal & posterior inferior temporal. lesion = cant tell difference between objects.

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6
Q

more complex - engage where?

A

engage further downstream areas = more anterior with complexity.

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7
Q

where are biological features interpreted?

A

v4/v5

- functional specificity for complexity of environment

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8
Q

primary job of v4

A

colour vision. (also distributed through occipital cortex tho)
- plays role in detection of movement, depth and position.

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9
Q

connections of the visual cortex.
V1 input, output?
v2 - output
after v2 - output paths?

A
  • V1 - input from lateral geniculate nucleus. output to all levels.
    v2 - output to all levels.
    v2 paths:
  • to parietal = dorsal stream
  • to inferior temporal lobe - ventral steram
  • to superior temporal sulcus = superior temporal sulcus stream.
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10
Q

function of 3 pathways

A

dorsal - visual guidance of movement
vental - object perception
STS - visuospatial functions, movement perception.

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11
Q

5 categories of vision - list

A 
vision for action
action for vision
visual recognition
visual space
visual attention
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12
Q

what is vision for action?

A
  • parietal visual areas in the dorsal stream used to prep body for interacting w moving objects & to know where to move
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13
Q

action for vision - what stream?

A

dorsal stream because deals with movement - maybe some interplay with ventral stream
invovled with visual scanning & eye movements

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14
Q

action for vision - normal vs agnosic patient

A
  • normal: eye movement tracked around face, eye and mouth = focus. focus on left side of pic/right side of face = maybe important for recognizing.
  • agnosic = can’t ID object - random eye movements. brain cant direct eyes in meaningful way
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15
Q

what is visual recognition? what area related?

A

temporal lobes invovled in object recognition

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16
Q

what is visual space? brain area related?

A

parietal and temporal lobes encode for spatial location

  • egocentric (object relative to person)
  • allocentric (object relative to other person
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17
Q
  • what is visual attention
A

selective attention for specific visual input.

parietal lobes guide movement, temporal in object recognition.

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18
Q

3 important ventral regions

A

lateral occipital cortex
fusiform face area
superior temporall sulcus

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19
Q

function of LOC

A

object analysis

  • perceptual constancy (same objects regardless of size, location viewpoint, illumination)
  • form-cue invariance: recognize object regardless of how it is depicted.
  • sensitive to visual illusion
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20
Q

function of fusiform face area

A

face analysis

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21
Q

funciton of superior temporal sulcus

A

analysis of biological motion

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22
Q

important dorsal region

A

anterior intraparietal sulcus

- object-directed grasping.

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23
Q

david marr - scaffolding

A

low level info gets scaffolded upon.

edges, regions -> texture, depth -> scene is visualized (allo/ego-centric)

24
Q

what are geons?

A

volumetric properties - specific and limited set. can be put together to build larger thing with meaning.

25
goodale & milner model of vision for percepiton & vision for action - object recognition/perception? what stream? which brain areas? - action? what stream? brain areas.
reco = ventral. v1, v2, v3 (dynamic form), v4 (colour form), LOC - temporal visual areas act = dorsal. v1, v5 (motion), v3a (form), parietal areas - AIP
26
name disorders of visual pathways
- monocular blindness - bitemporal hemianopia - nasal hemianopia - homonymous hemianopia - macular sparing - quadrantoanopa or hemianopia - field defects: scotoma
27
monocular blindness
loss of sight in one eye | - results from destruction of retina or optic nerve
28
bitemporal hemianopia
loss of vision from both temporal fields (extend to nasal hemi-retina) - lesion to the medial region of the optic chiasm
29
nasal hemianopia
loss of vision of one nasal field - due to one temporal retina. lesion of lateral region of optic chiasm - need 2 lesions for bi-nasal hemianopia.
30
homonymous hemianopia
blindness of one entire visual field | - cut of optic tract, LGN or V1.
31
macular sparing
sparing of the central or macular region of the visual field. - results from lesion ot occipital lobe. - redundant blood supply to that area
32
quadrantoanopia/hemianopia.
complete loss of vision in 1/4 of fovea or 1/2 of fovea. results from lesion to occiipital lobe. hemianopia has larger lesion to v1(calcarine sulcus) than quadrantoanopia.
33
field defects
scotoma - small blind spots. often unnoticed due to nystagmus - reult from small lesion to occipital lobe
34
what is nystagmus
tiny, involuntary eye movements
35
disorders of cortical function - BK - v1 damage and scotoma - lesion? - symptoms?
right infarct in occipital lobe. - blindight. could perceive motion, location without perceiving content. .- could detect light, had feeling but couldnt see object. - slow facial recognition- face area in right hemisphere correspond to lesion.
36
disorders of cortical function - DB v1 damage and blindsight lesion? symptoms? due to what stream?
angioma in right calcarine fissure - cortical blindness: could report mvoement and location, but no conscious awareness of seeing = due to dorsal stream: see when not consciously seeing. = automatic process.
37
disorder of cortical function case JI: V4 damage and loss of colour vision accident? damage where? better acuity when?
concussion resulted in loss of colour vision. - damage in occipital cortex. = improved acuity at twilight, bc rods worked in dark, cones at night.
38
disorder of cortical function case PB: conscious colour perception in a blind patient damage? symptom?
suffered ischemia that destroyed large area of posterior cortex & visual cortex - can only detect presence or absence of light. could see colour.
39
disorder of cortical function case of LM: V5damage and perception of movement - lesion:
vascular abormality produced bilateral posterior damage. - loss of movement/snapshot vision. - couldnt intercept moving object.
40
disorder of cortical function- case DF: where is damage? what are sympotms? caused by?
occipital damage = visual form agnosia due to CO poisoning. | bilateral damage to LO region and tissue between parietal and occipital lobes
41
what is visual form agnosia?
inability to recognize line drawings of objects. | - can use visual info to guide movement, not for recognizing objects
42
3 types of visual agnosia
apperceptive agnosia associative agnosia specific agnosia
43
what is apperceptive agnosia . | problem is probably where?
perceptual categorization - cannot form a whole. recognize local aspect, cant put together - issue probably in ventral stream
44
what is associative agnosia? maybe issue with? - lesions where?
- can describe with detail, cant put a name to it. - maybe recall, memory access disorder. - more medial lesions of temporal or hippocampus
45
what is specific agnosia? | - issue with?
know all object except those linked to specific category | memory access disorder
46
face processing and prosopagnosia - monkey studies: inferior temporal lobe - humans: posterior right hemisphere
- monkey: configuration of face in correct way causes firing of cells in inferior temporal. specificity for kinds of configural info - upright but not for mixed. - humans: configurational info leads to responses. - inversion effect: ID better when upright than inverted.
47
thompson illusion | - right hemisphere damage effects
deals with face and configuration of face. - right hemi damage = fusiform gyrus. when inverted pic- same performance as intact. upright pic - poorer performance. - can't ID face because areas of brain are lesioned.
48
N170 & face processing
- recorded in right temporal cortex. - face adaptation paradigm. - respond if face is same as adapting. time locked paradigm. - N170 = most negative when face is upright and same. when inverted or different = more positive. more negative = need less brain area, neural procesing to interpret.
49
face processing - right hemisphere N170 | - electrodes on left and right inferior temporal lobes.
- left hemisphere: encodes for both inverted and upright faces. - right hemisphere - encodes v strongly to upright faces. preference* shows right lateralization for face recognition.
50
role of experience in recognition | - radiologists
everyone had same ability in facial recogniton. ID abnormal scan theyve seen before - better as spend more time in field. - to ID normal scan theyve seen before- more experience get worse. all the normal scans begin to blend into each other - not detected.
51
role of experience in recognition - bird/car
bird man vs car man. similar ID-ing faces. - in brains, found the FFA cars - only car man had FFA light up. brids - only bird man had ffa light up. FFA = process configural info. not just faces.
52
role of experience in recogntiion | - greebles, 2 parts
1. upright or inverted. after time, greeble performance matches face performance. - favour upright of both face and greeble. 2. greeble expert vs novice. more FFA activation in expert than in novice.
53
prosopagnosia
face blindness - category specific agnosia. - related to damage in FFA. - deficit in how features come together
54
covert face recognition task -saying name alongside picture
- normal: when name aligns with pic - quick. when face and name dont align - takes longer. even longer when not associated in any way. - prosopagnosia, cant ID the face. but also seen that slower when names are incongruent. = implicit memory: strong inference that prospagnosia can ID something about face because performance same as in normal. but, something about how processed in brain, or put together.
55
tactile recognition | - brain area involved?
lateral occipital. tactile visual info. - area of convergence for recognition - using tactile and visual info. - auditory not processed, but vision and tactile info are processed.

Psycho 377 (12 decks)

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