L12 temporal lobe Flashcards
anatomy of temporal lobe
- tissue below sylvian fissue & anterior to occipital cortex.
- subcortical structures - limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation
- lateral: auditory area (superior temporal gyrus - brodmann 41, 42, 22); ventral stream of visual info: middle and inferior temporal gyrus. inferior temporal cortex. brodmann 20, 21, 37, 38.
- insula/ gustatory cortex inside sylvian fissure.
subdivisions of temporal cortex
- insula
- multimodal cortex
- medial temporal cortex
- TH/TF
insula - where? AKA? role in?
area under sylvian fissure
gustatory cortex
auditory association.
role in nicotine addiction.
= when insula damaged after stroke - most of the patients experienced disruption of smoking (quit afte 1 day; no relapse, easy, no urges)
= non-insula damage - very few had disruption.
insula - significantly correlated with smoking addiction.
multimodal cortex
- where
- input from?
- area under superior temporal sulcus STS
- receives input from audioty, visual and somatic regions.
medial temporal cortex
- includes what areas
- includes amygdala, adjacent cortex, hippocampus & fusiform gyrus
TH/TF - monkey name
whats human name? where? function?
human: parahippocampal cortex.
- posterior end of medial temporal cortex.
- landmark and scene recogntion
connections of the temporal cortex
afferent projections form sensory
efferent to parietal, frontal, llimbic, BG
L/R connected via corpus callosum &anterior commissure.
5 distinct connections in temporal lobe
- hierarchical sensory pathway
- dorsal auditory pathway
- polymodal pathway
- medial temporal projection
- frontal lobe projection
hierarchical sensory pathway
incoming auditory and visual info
- stimulus recognition, ventral for vision/audition
dorsal auditory pathway
analogous to visual dorsal
- auditory cortex to posterior parietal.
- detection of spatial location, sound, movement, sound recognition
polymodal pathway
long superior temporal sulcus
- auditory and visual areas to polymodal cortex (STS)
- stimulus categorization
medial temporal projection
from auditory/ visual areas to medial temporal limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala.
perforant pathway - major to hippocamps.
long term potentiation pathway
frontal lobe projection
auditory/visual to frontal lobe
movement control
short-term memory
affect
theories of temporal lobe function
4
- 3 basic sensory functions
- sensory processes
- affective responses
- spatial navigation
3 basic sensory functions in temporal lobes theory
- processing auditory info
- visual object recognition (ventral)
- long term storage of info
sensory processes theory of temporal lobe function
ID and categorize stimuli
cross-modal matching - process of matching visual and auditory info = ventriloquism effect
what is ventriloquism effect
perceiving speech sound coming from not-true direction due to visual stimuli.
- depends on cortex of the superior temporal sulcus.
affective responses theory of temporal lobe function
emotional response associated with particular stimulus
spatial navigation theory of temporal lobe fucntion
hippocampus - spatial memory.
- place cells: where particular field assoc w particular cell.
- more activation of cells in certain part of cage. regardless of luminance.
consistent regardless of scale of space.
- morris water maze task - learn to to task in enviro. HC damage = cant do task anymore. no spatial memory.
superior temporal slcus and biological motion
- perret study
- imaging reveals activation in STS during perception of biological movement
- STS cells respond more to particular types of biological motion: approaching them, relevant = max active.
why detecting biological motion is important
- movement relevant to species
- guess intentions
- social cognition or theory of mind”
visual processing in the temporal lobe
- watching film
- used fMRI to monitor cortical activity with viewing a film
- activity in auditory and visual areas of temporal, in STS and cingulate regions.
- selective activation to faces & scenes.
- regions of parietal and frontal showed intersubject coherence. - dissociation btw sensation & experience.
music perception
- relly on relation btw?
3 elements?
temporal lobe injury? L vs R
rely on relation btw acoustical grouping & perception of change
loud: magnitude of sensation
timbre: distinctive characteristic of sound
pitch: position of sound on musical scale.
left temporal = role in grouping for rhythm
right temporal = meter, pitch.
music perception - schneider & colleagues
musician vs non-musician
2 types of pitch listeners - the asymmetry?
musician: larger volume of grey and white matter in Heschl’s gyrus
fundamental pitch listener - determine average of tone: leftward asymmetry
spectral pitch listener - determining pure tone: rightward asymmetry.
