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Psycho 377 > L12 temporal lobe > Flashcards

L12 temporal lobe Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy of temporal lobe

A
  • tissue below sylvian fissue & anterior to occipital cortex.
  • subcortical structures - limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation
  • lateral: auditory area (superior temporal gyrus - brodmann 41, 42, 22); ventral stream of visual info: middle and inferior temporal gyrus. inferior temporal cortex. brodmann 20, 21, 37, 38.
  • insula/ gustatory cortex inside sylvian fissure.
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2
Q

subdivisions of temporal cortex

A
  • insula
  • multimodal cortex
  • medial temporal cortex
  • TH/TF
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3
Q

insula - where? AKA? role in?

A

area under sylvian fissure
gustatory cortex
auditory association.
role in nicotine addiction.
= when insula damaged after stroke - most of the patients experienced disruption of smoking (quit afte 1 day; no relapse, easy, no urges)
= non-insula damage - very few had disruption.
insula - significantly correlated with smoking addiction.

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4
Q

multimodal cortex

  • where
  • input from?
A
  • area under superior temporal sulcus STS

- receives input from audioty, visual and somatic regions.

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5
Q

medial temporal cortex

- includes what areas

A
  • includes amygdala, adjacent cortex, hippocampus & fusiform gyrus
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6
Q

TH/TF - monkey name

whats human name? where? function?

A

human: parahippocampal cortex.
- posterior end of medial temporal cortex.
- landmark and scene recogntion

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7
Q

connections of the temporal cortex

A

afferent projections form sensory
efferent to parietal, frontal, llimbic, BG
L/R connected via corpus callosum &anterior commissure.

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8
Q

5 distinct connections in temporal lobe

A
  1. hierarchical sensory pathway
  2. dorsal auditory pathway
  3. polymodal pathway
  4. medial temporal projection
  5. frontal lobe projection
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9
Q

hierarchical sensory pathway

A

incoming auditory and visual info

- stimulus recognition, ventral for vision/audition

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10
Q

dorsal auditory pathway

A

analogous to visual dorsal

  • auditory cortex to posterior parietal.
  • detection of spatial location, sound, movement, sound recognition
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11
Q

polymodal pathway

A

long superior temporal sulcus

  • auditory and visual areas to polymodal cortex (STS)
  • stimulus categorization
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12
Q

medial temporal projection

A

from auditory/ visual areas to medial temporal limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala.

perforant pathway - major to hippocamps.
long term potentiation pathway

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13
Q

frontal lobe projection

A

auditory/visual to frontal lobe
movement control
short-term memory
affect

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14
Q

theories of temporal lobe function

4

A
  • 3 basic sensory functions
  • sensory processes
  • affective responses
  • spatial navigation
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15
Q

3 basic sensory functions in temporal lobes theory

A
  1. processing auditory info
  2. visual object recognition (ventral)
  3. long term storage of info
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16
Q

sensory processes theory of temporal lobe function

A

ID and categorize stimuli

cross-modal matching - process of matching visual and auditory info = ventriloquism effect

17
Q

what is ventriloquism effect

A

perceiving speech sound coming from not-true direction due to visual stimuli.
- depends on cortex of the superior temporal sulcus.

18
Q

affective responses theory of temporal lobe function

A

emotional response associated with particular stimulus

19
Q

spatial navigation theory of temporal lobe fucntion

A

hippocampus - spatial memory.
- place cells: where particular field assoc w particular cell.
- more activation of cells in certain part of cage. regardless of luminance.
consistent regardless of scale of space.
- morris water maze task - learn to to task in enviro. HC damage = cant do task anymore. no spatial memory.

20
Q

superior temporal slcus and biological motion

- perret study

A
  • imaging reveals activation in STS during perception of biological movement
  • STS cells respond more to particular types of biological motion: approaching them, relevant = max active.
21
Q

why detecting biological motion is important

A
  • movement relevant to species
  • guess intentions
  • social cognition or theory of mind”
22
Q

visual processing in the temporal lobe

- watching film

A
  • used fMRI to monitor cortical activity with viewing a film
  • activity in auditory and visual areas of temporal, in STS and cingulate regions.
  • selective activation to faces & scenes.
  • regions of parietal and frontal showed intersubject coherence. - dissociation btw sensation & experience.
23
Q

music perception
- relly on relation btw?
3 elements?
temporal lobe injury? L vs R

A

rely on relation btw acoustical grouping & perception of change
loud: magnitude of sensation
timbre: distinctive characteristic of sound
pitch: position of sound on musical scale.
left temporal = role in grouping for rhythm
right temporal = meter, pitch.

24
Q

music perception - schneider & colleagues
musician vs non-musician
2 types of pitch listeners - the asymmetry?

A

musician: larger volume of grey and white matter in Heschl’s gyrus

fundamental pitch listener - determine average of tone: leftward asymmetry

spectral pitch listener - determining pure tone: rightward asymmetry.

25
Q

symptoms of temporal lobe lesions

A
  • auditory disturbance
  • disorder of music perception: congenital amusia.
  • disturb selection of visual/auditory input.
  • impaired organization and categorization
  • inability to use contextual info
  • LTM problem
  • altered personality & behaviour.
  • altered sexual behaviour
26
Q

examples of how personality alters

A
  • overemphasize trivia & petty details of life
  • pedantic speech
  • egocentric
  • perseveration (cant swtich topics)
  • paranoia
  • preoccupation w religion
  • prone to aggression
27
Q

capgras delusion

A

thought parents were imposters.
- cant get info to amygdala. understand visually/auditorally person is real, but this emotion cant cross to amygdala so not encoded with + emotion.

28
Q

clinical neuropsych assessment of temporal-lobe damage

A 
auditory processing capacity
visual processing capacity
verbal memory
nonverbal memory
language
29
Q

auditory processing capacity test

A

dichotic words and melodies

30
Q

visual processing capacity

A

mcgill picture anomalies

31
Q

verbal memory test

A

wechsler memory scale; local stories, paired associates

32
Q

nonverbal memory test

A

rey complex figure

33
Q

language test

A

token task

Psycho 377 (12 decks)

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