L12 temporal lobe Flashcards
anatomy of temporal lobe
- tissue below sylvian fissue & anterior to occipital cortex.
- subcortical structures - limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation
- lateral: auditory area (superior temporal gyrus - brodmann 41, 42, 22); ventral stream of visual info: middle and inferior temporal gyrus. inferior temporal cortex. brodmann 20, 21, 37, 38.
- insula/ gustatory cortex inside sylvian fissure.
subdivisions of temporal cortex
- insula
- multimodal cortex
- medial temporal cortex
- TH/TF
insula - where? AKA? role in?
area under sylvian fissure
gustatory cortex
auditory association.
role in nicotine addiction.
= when insula damaged after stroke - most of the patients experienced disruption of smoking (quit afte 1 day; no relapse, easy, no urges)
= non-insula damage - very few had disruption.
insula - significantly correlated with smoking addiction.
multimodal cortex
- where
- input from?
- area under superior temporal sulcus STS
- receives input from audioty, visual and somatic regions.
medial temporal cortex
- includes what areas
- includes amygdala, adjacent cortex, hippocampus & fusiform gyrus
TH/TF - monkey name
whats human name? where? function?
human: parahippocampal cortex.
- posterior end of medial temporal cortex.
- landmark and scene recogntion
connections of the temporal cortex
afferent projections form sensory
efferent to parietal, frontal, llimbic, BG
L/R connected via corpus callosum &anterior commissure.
5 distinct connections in temporal lobe
- hierarchical sensory pathway
- dorsal auditory pathway
- polymodal pathway
- medial temporal projection
- frontal lobe projection
hierarchical sensory pathway
incoming auditory and visual info
- stimulus recognition, ventral for vision/audition
dorsal auditory pathway
analogous to visual dorsal
- auditory cortex to posterior parietal.
- detection of spatial location, sound, movement, sound recognition
polymodal pathway
long superior temporal sulcus
- auditory and visual areas to polymodal cortex (STS)
- stimulus categorization
medial temporal projection
from auditory/ visual areas to medial temporal limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala.
perforant pathway - major to hippocamps.
long term potentiation pathway
frontal lobe projection
auditory/visual to frontal lobe
movement control
short-term memory
affect
theories of temporal lobe function
4
- 3 basic sensory functions
- sensory processes
- affective responses
- spatial navigation
3 basic sensory functions in temporal lobes theory
- processing auditory info
- visual object recognition (ventral)
- long term storage of info
sensory processes theory of temporal lobe function
ID and categorize stimuli
cross-modal matching - process of matching visual and auditory info = ventriloquism effect
what is ventriloquism effect
perceiving speech sound coming from not-true direction due to visual stimuli.
- depends on cortex of the superior temporal sulcus.
affective responses theory of temporal lobe function
emotional response associated with particular stimulus
spatial navigation theory of temporal lobe fucntion
hippocampus - spatial memory.
- place cells: where particular field assoc w particular cell.
- more activation of cells in certain part of cage. regardless of luminance.
consistent regardless of scale of space.
- morris water maze task - learn to to task in enviro. HC damage = cant do task anymore. no spatial memory.
superior temporal slcus and biological motion
- perret study
- imaging reveals activation in STS during perception of biological movement
- STS cells respond more to particular types of biological motion: approaching them, relevant = max active.
why detecting biological motion is important
- movement relevant to species
- guess intentions
- social cognition or theory of mind”
visual processing in the temporal lobe
- watching film
- used fMRI to monitor cortical activity with viewing a film
- activity in auditory and visual areas of temporal, in STS and cingulate regions.
- selective activation to faces & scenes.
- regions of parietal and frontal showed intersubject coherence. - dissociation btw sensation & experience.
music perception
- relly on relation btw?
3 elements?
temporal lobe injury? L vs R
rely on relation btw acoustical grouping & perception of change
loud: magnitude of sensation
timbre: distinctive characteristic of sound
pitch: position of sound on musical scale.
left temporal = role in grouping for rhythm
right temporal = meter, pitch.
music perception - schneider & colleagues
musician vs non-musician
2 types of pitch listeners - the asymmetry?
musician: larger volume of grey and white matter in Heschl’s gyrus
fundamental pitch listener - determine average of tone: leftward asymmetry
spectral pitch listener - determining pure tone: rightward asymmetry.
symptoms of temporal lobe lesions
- auditory disturbance
- disorder of music perception: congenital amusia.
- disturb selection of visual/auditory input.
- impaired organization and categorization
- inability to use contextual info
- LTM problem
- altered personality & behaviour.
- altered sexual behaviour
examples of how personality alters
- overemphasize trivia & petty details of life
- pedantic speech
- egocentric
- perseveration (cant swtich topics)
- paranoia
- preoccupation w religion
- prone to aggression
capgras delusion
thought parents were imposters.
- cant get info to amygdala. understand visually/auditorally person is real, but this emotion cant cross to amygdala so not encoded with + emotion.
clinical neuropsych assessment of temporal-lobe damage
auditory processing capacity visual processing capacity verbal memory nonverbal memory language
auditory processing capacity test
dichotic words and melodies
visual processing capacity
mcgill picture anomalies
verbal memory test
wechsler memory scale; local stories, paired associates
nonverbal memory test
rey complex figure
language test
token task
