Lecture 28: Organelle Signalling

Question 1

What is an apoptotic signal ?

Answer 1

Mitochondrial release of cytochrome c

Question 2

What is cytochrome c primary role ?

Answer 2

mitochondrial respiration

Question 3

What triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway ?

Answer 3

Apoptotic stimuli

Question 4

How is mitochondrial cytochrome C released into the cytosol ?

Answer 4

By mobilisaton and translocation through the outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 5

What does cytosolic cytochrome C engage ?

Answer 5

Apoptotic protease activating factor -1 (APAF1)

Question 6

What are associated with PRRs ?

Answer 6

Distinct ligands

Question 7

What can NLRP3 activating stimuli induce ?

Answer 7

1. Mitochondrial ROS production
2. Mitochondrial DNA release
3. Lysosomal stres/rupture
4. Trans-golgi network disruption
5. Endosome dysfunction/stress

Question 8

What are the main source of reactive oxygen species ?

Answer 8

Stressed mitochondria

Question 9

What can drive ROS production ?

Answer 9

NLRP3 activatorssimiquimod

Question 10

What inhibits complex I ROS production ?

Answer 10

Rotenone

Question 11

What inhibits complex III ROS production ?

Answer 11

Antimycin A

Question 12

What inhibits complex II - minimal ROS production ?

Answer 12

TTFA

Question 13

What is a known NLRP3 activator ?

Answer 13

MSU -Monosodium urate crystals

Question 14

What does diverse NLRP3 agonists trigger ?

Answer 14

Disassembly of the trans-golgi network

Question 15

What do smoc do ?

Answer 15

Control innate immunity

Question 16

What does smoc stand for ?

Answer 16

Supramolecular organising centre

Question 17

What does TLR signalling via smoc do ?

Answer 17

Regulates inflammasomes