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Core Concepts in Immunology > Lecture 24: Innate Immune Signalling > Flashcards

Lecture 24: Innate Immune Signalling Flashcards

1
Q

What are the traditional cell signals ?

A

Hormones and metabolic cues

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2
Q

What are the intercellular signalling mechanisms ?

A
  1. Intercellular messengers- cytokines, complement
  2. Gap junctions
  3. Communication between surface proteins
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3
Q

What are the steps in response in intercellular signalling ?

A
  1. Trigger - PAMP/DAMP/ALARMIN/Metabolic cue
  2. Signal producing cell -cytokines
  3. Transport
  4. Signal processing
  5. Feedback positive/negative
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4
Q

What are the types of response to intercellular signalling ?

A
  1. Endocrine - antibodies, complement
  2. Paracrine
  3. Autocrines
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5
Q

What activates signalling ?

A
  1. Conformational change
  2. Binding sites/partners/complex formation
  3. Post translational modifications
  4. Activity
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6
Q

What are the signalling pathways ?

A
  1. Transmembrane receptors
  2. Intracellular receptors
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7
Q

What is the transmission of signal ?

A
  1. Signal or ligand
  2. Receptor
  3. Membrane anchor/adapter
  4. Intracellular enzyme
  5. Signal
  6. Effector
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8
Q

What are the cell signalling receptors ?

A
  1. Extracellular ligand binding domain
  2. Transmembrane domain
  3. Cytoplasmic/intracellular signalling domain
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9
Q

What is the function of sorting adapters ?

A

Control expression and interaction of receptor with adapter

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10
Q

What is the function of signalling adapter ?

A

Transmits the signal onward, but has been told where to go by sorting adapter

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11
Q

What are the effector responses for cell signalling ?

A
  1. Complement activation or opsonisation
  2. Phagocytosis
  3. Induction of chemokines and cytokines
  4. Maturation of cytokines
  5. Metabolic reprogramming
  6. Cell death
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12
Q

What are PAMPs for ?

A

Structures are essential for the pathogen which are not present in the host

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13
Q

What are PRRs ?

A

Receptors on immune cells which recognise PAMPs and trigger host defenses

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14
Q

What type of receptor are PRRs ?

A

Germ line encoded receptor

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15
Q

What are vitaPAMPs associated with ?

A

Active replication

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16
Q

What do internal MAMPs associate with ?

A

Active infection

17
Q

What do DAMPs do ?

A

Trigger and amplify infection

18
Q

What are DAMPS released by ?

A

Tissue injury

19
Q

What are some PRR responses ?

A
  1. Lectin pathway to complement activation
  2. Anti-microbial peptides selectively target microbial cells
  3. fMLP receptor for full activation of NADPH oxidase- respiratory burst
20
Q

What are the induced inflammatory responses and signalling ?

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Induction of cytokines/chemokines
  3. Antigen presentation
  4. Metabolic adaptations
  5. Cell death ?

Core Concepts in Immunology (22 decks)

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