Lecture 24: Innate Immune Signalling Flashcards
What are the traditional cell signals ?
Hormones and metabolic cues
What are the intercellular signalling mechanisms ?
- Intercellular messengers- cytokines, complement
- Gap junctions
- Communication between surface proteins
What are the steps in response in intercellular signalling ?
- Trigger - PAMP/DAMP/ALARMIN/Metabolic cue
- Signal producing cell -cytokines
- Transport
- Signal processing
- Feedback positive/negative
What are the types of response to intercellular signalling ?
- Endocrine - antibodies, complement
- Paracrine
- Autocrines
What activates signalling ?
- Conformational change
- Binding sites/partners/complex formation
- Post translational modifications
- Activity
What are the signalling pathways ?
- Transmembrane receptors
- Intracellular receptors
What is the transmission of signal ?
- Signal or ligand
- Receptor
- Membrane anchor/adapter
- Intracellular enzyme
- Signal
- Effector
What are the cell signalling receptors ?
- Extracellular ligand binding domain
- Transmembrane domain
- Cytoplasmic/intracellular signalling domain
What is the function of sorting adapters ?
Control expression and interaction of receptor with adapter
What is the function of signalling adapter ?
Transmits the signal onward, but has been told where to go by sorting adapter
What are the effector responses for cell signalling ?
- Complement activation or opsonisation
- Phagocytosis
- Induction of chemokines and cytokines
- Maturation of cytokines
- Metabolic reprogramming
- Cell death
What are PAMPs for ?
Structures are essential for the pathogen which are not present in the host
What are PRRs ?
Receptors on immune cells which recognise PAMPs and trigger host defenses
What type of receptor are PRRs ?
Germ line encoded receptor
What are vitaPAMPs associated with ?
Active replication