Lecture 1. Immunology Flashcards
What is immunology ?
The hosts defense response to infection
What resists small pox ?
A family of cytokines called interferons
What are inflammatory diseases caused by ?
Out of control immune system
How are tumour cells killed ?
Using the CD8 system
What is the checkpoint blockade ?
This is a blockage of the checkpoint that the tumour puts down to kill the immune system
What did transplantation result in ?
The discovery of the major histocompatability complex
How does sepsis occur ?
Out of control macrophages
What helps rheumatoid arthiritis ?
Blocking TNF
What is required for a vaccine to work ?
An adjuvant to get the immune system going
What does the rheumatoid joint fill up with ?
White blood cells such as T-lymphocytes and macrophages
How does the resistance that the immune system provides occur ?
Genetic - through polymorphisms
What did Lady Wortley Montague introduce ?
The Turkish method of using blister fluid from small pox virus lesions
What did Pasteur explore ?
Attenuation of anthrax, rabies and diptheria
What did Von Behring discover ?
Antibodies
What does Mechnikov discover ?
Phagocytes
What did Wright do ?
Connect phagocytes and antibodies (opsonisation)
What did Landsteiner do ?
Show antiboides can be raised to man made chemicals (purified)
What did Doherty and Zinkernagel discover ?
MHC Class 1 presents viral antigen
What did Beutler, Hoffmann and Steinman discover ?
Innate immunity and dendritic cells
What are the two types of immunity ?
- Innate
- Adaptive
What are the cell types involved in innate immunity ?
- Neutrophils
- Mast cells
- Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
- Natural killer cells
What are the mediators in the innate immunity ?
- Many cytokines
- Chemokines
- Complement
- Acute phase proteins
What are the cell types in the adaptive immunity ?
- T-cells
- B-cells
What are the mediators in adaptive immunity ?
- Antibodies
- Cytokines
What do macrophages require for the successful defeat of bacteria ?
Opsonisation and antibodies
How do allergies often occur ?
Overproduction of antibodies for example IGE
What do T-cells make ?
Cytokines
What activates cells ?
Cytokines IL6 and IL4
What do dendritic cells do ?
Present antigens to cytokines
What immunity has memory ?
Adaptice
What recognises PAMPs ?
Pattern recognition receptors
What is the PAMP in bacteria ?
LPS
What is the PAMP in humans ?
TL4
What is the function of TL4 ?
Drives interferons