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Core Concepts in Immunology > Lecture 18: Innate T-cells > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Innate T-cells Flashcards

1
Q

How do conventional T cells recognise peptide antigens ?

A

Presentation by MHC molecules

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2
Q

What do CD8 T-cells recognise ?

A

MHC I

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3
Q

What do CD4 T-cells recognise ?

A

MHC II

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4
Q

What do innate T cells recognise ?

A

Non-peptide antigens

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5
Q

What are the innate T cells ?

A
  1. NK T cells
  2. Gamma-delta T cell
  3. MAIT Cell
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6
Q

What do NK T cells recognise and present ?

A
  1. Lipids
  2. CD1d
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7
Q

What do gamma-delta T cells recognise and present ?

A
  1. Phospoantigen
  2. Butyrophilins
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8
Q

What do MAIT cells recognise and present ?

A
  1. Metabolite
  2. MR1
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9
Q

How do innate T cells recognise non-protein antigens ?

A

TCR

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10
Q

What type of response do innate immunity have ?

A

Pre-existing, speedy response

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11
Q

What type of response do adaptive immunity have ?

A

Learned and specific response

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12
Q

What links innate and adaptive immunity ?

A

Innate t-cells

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13
Q

What are innate T cells ?

A

Effector cells that do not require prior antigen primining

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14
Q

What are some lipid antigens from bacteria that NKT cells recognise ?

A
  1. Agelasphins
  2. Alpha- glucuronosylceramide
  3. Phosphatidylinositol mannoside
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15
Q

What are iNKT cells ?

A

Type 1 or invariant

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16
Q

What do iNKT cells recognise ?

A

Alpha-galactosylceramide

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17
Q

How do iNKT cells recognise Alpha-galactosylceramide ?

A

A semi invariant VA24VB11 T cell recptor

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18
Q

What are depleted in humans with most cancers ?

A

iNKT Cells

19
Q

What do iNKT cells regulate ?

A

Metabolism

20
Q

What are some effector functions of human iNKT cells ?

A
  1. Kill CD1d+ target cells
  2. Rapid release of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Treg cytokines
  3. Activate macrophages and NK cells
  4. Regulate neutrophils and MDSC
  5. Promote maturation of dendritic cells into antigen presenting cells
  6. Promote maturation of B cells into antibody secreting plasma cells
21
Q

What do iNKT cells transactivate ?

A

Into other immune cells

22
Q

What are the murine iNKT cells ?

A
  1. CD4
  2. DN
  3. CD8alpha
23
Q

What is the function of CD4 ?

A

Th2 cytokines

24
Q

What is the function of DN and CD8alpha ?

A

Ctytolytic activity and Th1 cytokine s

25
Q

What can alter the Th1/Th2 cytokine bias of INKT cells ?

A

Glycolipids

26
Q

What do type 2 NKT cells recognise ?

A

Glycolipids presented by CD1d

27
Q

What do type 2 NKT cells express ?

A

Diverse T cell receptors

28
Q

What do type 2 NKT cells recognise ?

A

Tumour derived ganglioside GD3 and sulpfatide in neurons

29
Q

How do type 2 NKT cells promote cancer ?

30
Q

What are the functions of gamma-delta T-cells ?

A
  1. Lysis of infected or stressed cells
  2. Cytokine and chemokine production
  3. B cell help and IgE production
  4. Primary alpha-beta T cells via antigen presentation
  5. Dendritic cell maturation
  6. Regulation of stromal cell function by growth factor production
31
Q

Where are gamma-delta T cells expanded ?

A

gut, liver and adipose tissue

32
Q

What do gamm-delta T cells mediate ?

A

Pathogen clearance

33
Q

What are the three subsets of gamma-delta T cells ?

A
  1. V delta 1
    2.Vgamma9Vdelta2
    3.Vdelta3
34
Q

What do Vdelta2 T cells recognise and what are they presented by ?

A
  1. Pyrophosphate antigens
  2. Butrophilin 3A1
35
Q

What does Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells recognise ?

A

Intermediates of isoprenoid synthesis

36
Q

What accumulate IPP ?

A

Tumour cells and aminobisphonate treated cells

37
Q

What are the functions of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells ?

A
  1. Cytotoxicity
  2. Th1 cytokine secretion
  3. Activation of neutrophils
  4. Induction of monocyte maturation into DC
  5. Induction of DC maturation into APC
  6. B cell help/antibodies
  7. Antigen presentation
38
Q

Where is Vdelta1 T cells expanded ?

A
  1. Expanded in healthy gut and liver
  2. Expanded in patients with CMV activation, chronic HBV, HIV and B-CLL
39
Q

How can Vdelta T cells be activated ?

A
  1. Stress inducible proteins MICA and MICB
  2. Glycolipids presented by CD1c and CD1d
  3. algal protein phycoerythrin
40
Q

What can Vdelta1 T cells be activated by the ligation of ?

A
  1. NKG2C
  2. NKG2D
    3.NKp30
  3. TLR
  4. Dectin 1
41
Q

What do MAIT cells recognise and what is it presented by ?

A
  1. B9 and B2
  2. MR1
42
Q

What do MAIT cell kill ?

A

Bacteria that are capable of synthesising riboflavin

43
Q

What are the function of MAIT cells ?

A
  1. Lysis of infected cells
  2. Recrutiment of adaptive cells
  3. Activation of immune cells
44
Q

What disease are MAIT cells synthesised in ?

A
  1. Ulcrative colitis
  2. Crohns
  3. Multiple sclerosis
  4. Type 1 diabetes
  5. Inflammatory arthirits
  6. Asmtha
  7. Lupus nephritis

Core Concepts in Immunology (22 decks)

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