Lecture 27 Pyruvate metabolism

Question 1

<p>What is the warburg effect?</p>

Answer 1

o How cancer cells differ from normal
 Normal: glucose pyruvate->acetyl coA-> TCA cycle
 Cancer: glucose->pyruvate-> lactate (lactic acid fermentation preferred)
• Used as a fuel and potent signaling molecule

Question 2

<p>How does lactate production help tumor cells?</p>

Answer 2

<p>its used as a fuel and potent signaling molecule.</p>

Question 3

<p>Alcohol fermentation

| Glc +2 ADP+ 2Pi +2H+-->2 Ethanol +2CO2 +2ATP +2H2O</p>

Answer 3

<p>In yeast and other microorganisms, the NAD+ required for net flux trhough glycolysis is produced by converting pyruvate to ethanol via alcohol fermentation. </p>

Question 4

Describe the formula of alcohol fermentation:

Answer 4

<p>Add image!</p>

Question 5

What are the primary tissues for EtOH catabolism?

Answer 5

Kidney and liver!

Mammels ADH disposes of EtoH

Question 6

Alchohol dehydrogenase (ADH) reaction

Answer 6

Alcohol+ NAD+–> Acetaldehyde +NADH

Question 7

Aldehyde Dehdyrogenase (ALHD)

Answer 7

Acetaldehyde +NAD+–> ACetic Acid +NADH

Question 8

What accounts for much of the hangover symptoms?

Answer 8

Acetalaldehyde toxicity and increased utiliziation of NAD+ accounts for many of the hangover symptoms because it slows down glycolysis in the brain.

Question 9

How is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex regulated?

Answer 9

• Feedback inhibition by NADH and Acetyl CoA (fast)
• Covalent modifcation (short term)
• • inhibiton by Deactivation by PDC-Kinase.
• -Activation of PDC-Pase
• Transcriptional regulation (Long term)