Lecture 27: Asteridae: campanulids: Lobeliaceae

Question 1

Order Campanulales

Answer 1

6 families

Rousseaceae (roussea)

Nemacladaceae (threadplant)

Cyphocarpaceae (cyphocarpus)

Cyphiaceae (cyphia)

Campanulaceae s.s. (bellflower)

we focus on Lobeliaceae

Question 2

Family Lobeliaceae

Answer 2

1,300 speices, 34 genera

milky sap due to latex

flowers epigynous, perfect, zygomorphic

Question 3

Flowers of Lobeliaceae

Answer 3

epigynous, perfect, zygomorphic

nectar disk resupinate (pedicle twists 180 during development, technically upside down in bloom. orchids do this too.)

Question 4

Staminal column

Answer 4

5 differentiated stamens are connate

staminal column of fused anthers and filaments characteristic of campanulales

filaments disctinct at base where they attach to the hypanthium

Question 5

Plunger Pollination Mechanism (different from asteraceae how?)

Answer 5

anthers and filaments are connate almost to base staminal column surrounds developing style anthers mature 1st,

releasing pollen into tube

elongating style has ring of hairs at tip that puts pressure on the pollen mass

incoming pollinators contact bristles on tip of lower 2 anthers,

anther tips separate releasing pollen style eventually emerges (discharging unused pollen)

stigma lobes separate and become receptive

This temporal variation makes it Protandrous

Question 6

Floral Formula Lobeliaceae

Answer 6

Question 7

Fruit of Lobeliaceae

Answer 7

Capsule (sometimes a berry)

Question 8

economic significance of Lobeliaceae

Answer 8

indian tobacco (can smoke toxic alkaloids). DO NOT confuse this with the tobacco/nicotine of the solanaceae

Question 9

Ornamental Lobeliaceae

Answer 9

Edging lobelia

cardinal flower–recent shift to hummingbird pollination

great blue lobelia

Native:

downy blue lobelia

kalms lobelia

indian tobacco (can smoke toxic alkaloids)

spiked lobelia

Question 10

Lobelia

Answer 10

Type genus of Lobeliaceae

350 speices worldwide

orgin in africa

easy to trace phylogenetic history and biogeographic history because of # of extant species

It is NOT necessary that the name be similar in the genus for it to be the core genus of the family. Type genus of Asteraceae is NOT Aster. there isnt one.

Question 11

Evolutionary modifications of Lobelia

Answer 11

loss of resupination

evolution of calyx lobes into petal like tepals

fusion of the pedicel to the midvein of the subtending leaf (called epiphyllous flowers)

adnation of the filaments to the corrolla

reversal of epigyny to hypogyny

reduction of 2 locules to 1 locule

reduction of numerous seeds to single seed

evolution of dry capsule into fleshy brery

Question 12

Biogeographical history of Lobelia

Answer 12

west cape of africa (giant lobelias), then eastern cape

then madagascar, then western Australia, the Amphitropical dispersal from western cape to mediterranian, then north america (6 species in Indiana)

then S America, Australia, eastern asia

Then RECOLONIZED Africa (giant senecio species)

Lobelia has an intrinsically high mutation rate

Question 13

Floral Formula of Lobeliaceae

Answer 13