Lecture 22 Magnoliidae: Ranunculaceae

Question 1

Phylogenetically, the Ranunculaceae is what in relation to all remaining eudicots?

Answer 1

sister to all remaining euicots

eudicots evolved from woody, ranunculoid ancestral lineage

Question 2

The pollen of Ranunculaceae is

Answer 2

triaperaturate

Question 3

How many orders of angiosperms have we learned?

Answer 3

16 orders

Amborellales

Nymphales

Austrobaileyales

__________

Magnoliales

Laurales

Canellales

Piperales

__________

Ranunculales

_______

Rosales

Fabales

Brassicales

_______

Solanales

Lamiales

Asterales

Campanulales

Question 4

How many orders of Magnoliidae have we learned?

Answer 4

8 orders of magnoliidae

Amborellales

Nymphales

Austrobaileyales

________

Magnoliales

Laurales

Canellales

Piperales

________

Ranunculales

Question 5

How many angiosperm families and orders are there?

Answer 5

450 families 50 orders

Question 6

Phylogenetically, what are the dicots relative to the monocots?

Answer 6

dicots are paraphyletic relative to monocots

monocots evolved from a dicot lineage

Liliopsida evolved from Magnoliopsida

Question 7

Phylogenetically, what are the Magnoliidae relative to the monocots

what are they relative to the other subclasses of dicots? (Rosidae and Asteridae)

Answer 7

Magnoliidae are paraphyletic relative to the monocots

Magnoliidae are paraphyletic relative to Rosidae + Asteridae

Question 8

What families are in the Ranunculales

Answer 8

6 families:

Ranunculaceae

Papaveraceae –(poppy) Sanguinaria (blood root)

Fumeriaceae — Stylophorum, Corydalis, Dicentra,

Menispermaceae—Menispermun (moonseed)

Berberidaceae (barberry family) –Caullophyllum (blue cohosh), jeffersonia (twinleaf), podophyllum (mayapple)

Question 9

Family ranunculaceae (buttercup family)

Answer 9

2,450 species, 62 genera sporophytes are perennial herbs prominent spring flora

mostly insect pollinated (some nectar-insects or hummingbird pollinated)

Question 10

Ranunculaceae floral formula

Answer 10

gyonecium superior

Question 11

Fruit of ranunculaceae

Answer 11

aggregate of follicles or achenes, (sometimes a berry)

Question 12

Important ornamental herbaceous species of ranunculaceae

Answer 12

Aconitum (monkshood)

Actae (baneberry “dolls eyes”)

Anemone (windflowers)

Aquilegia (columbine)

Caltha (marsh marigold)

celmatis (virgin’s bower)

delphinium (larkspur)

helleborus (hellebore)

hepatica (liverleaf)

Ranunculus (butterbup)

thalictrum (meadow-rue)

trollius (globeflower)

Question 13

Ancient Botanical Writers?

Answer 13

Theophrastus (named Asparagus, Narcissus. Dacus)

Pliny (wrote “Natural History” died in pompeii)

Discorides (wrote Materia Medicia)

Question 14

Medicinal Plants (need to know)

Answer 14

poppy –Papaveraceae–>opium, morphine, codeine

celadine poppy – Papaveraceae–>yellow sap w/ alkaloids

Sanguinaria (bloodroot) —Papaveraceae–>red sap as dye, antiseptic, anesthetic, anticancer. used in toothpaste and mouthwash. the juice is poisonous

Mayapples (podophyllum)— Berberidaceaeae–>anti-tumor alkaloids, breast, lung cancer, tumors

Pacific Yew–> fight cancer

Salix (willow tree bark)–>salicylic acid and asprin

Question 15

Doctrine of Signatures said what?

Answer 15

a creater wanted to provide humans with herbal remedies:

1. yellow sap would cure jaundice
2. butterfly shaped flowers would cure insect bites
3. wanut meat would cure headaches
4. plants with coiled inflorescences would cure scorpion bites

Question 16

Papaveraceae

Answer 16

opium poppy (opiates),

celadine poppy (alkaloids),

bloodroot (alkaloids)

Question 17

Berberidaceae

Answer 17

Mayapple–anti tuomor alkaloids