Lecture 25 - Brain ageing 1 Flashcards
how much does the human brain weigh?
3 lbs
which parts of the brain are included in the supratentorial structures?
(forebrain) telencephalon, diencephalon, cerebrum
which parts of the brain are included in the infratentorial structures?
mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
what happens to the cortex and ventricles of the brain as we age?
cortex shrinks and gets thinner, ventricles increase in size
name the 2 diagnostic brain imaging techniques which look at brain structure
CT and MRI
name the 2 diagnostic brain imaging techniques which look at brain function
PET, EEG
atrophy of which lobes in the brain is most likely in alzheimer’s?
medial temporal lobes
in which type of dementia is atrophy the greatest, alzheimer’s or lewy body dementia?
alzheimer’s
in which region of the brain associated with short term memory does the pathology of alzheimer’s begin?
hippocampus
in ageing what happens to the length of dendritic cells and their branches?
length decreases, less branching
name some neuronal changes which can lead to death
loss of purkinje cells, gliosis, central chromatolysis, odema, vacuolation
do all these oxidative stress mechanisms increase or decrease in neurodegeneration during ageing?
Neuroinflammatory responses
Abnormal Protein-Protein Interactions
The autophagy-lysosome system
(autophagy)
Apoptosis and delayed cell death
increase
name the 5 categories/cognitive domainsr in which an impairment of any of them can indicate dementia
memory, language, visual processing, mood/social skills, frontal executive functio (planning and problem solving)
rank these forms of dementia from most to least prevalent: lewy body, frontotermporal, alzehimers, vascular
most: alzheimers
vascular dementia
lewy body
least: frontotemporal
name the 9 risk factors for alzheimer’s
age, family history, illiteracy, down’s syndrome, heady injury, APOE4 gene, vascular factors, smoking, female gender
