Lecture 24 - Pathology of Pancreas and Gallbladder

Question 1

Pigmented gallstones typically result from _______ _______.

Answer 1

Intravascular hemolyisis

Question 2

Which are radiolucent (invisible on radiographic imaging), black or brown gall stones?

Answer 2

Brown are Radiolucent

Question 3

Contrary to acute Cholecystitis, Chronic does NOT require _____ of the outflow duct.

Answer 3

Obstruction

Question 4

Of the two types of Gallbladder carcinoma, which is most common, Infiltrating or Fungating?

Answer 4

Infiltrating

Question 5

The most common sites for Fungating gallbladder carcinoma are the ____ and ____.

Answer 5

Body and neck

Question 6

Unlike gallbladder carcinoma, Extra hepatic bile duct carcinomas (aka Cholangiocarcinoma) occur more commonly in _____ (gender?).

Answer 6

Males, so obv gallbladder carcinoma more common in females.

Question 7

Where do Klatskin Cholangiocarcinomas occur?

Answer 7

At the junction of the left and right hepatic ducts –> they become symptomatic early in the disease progression.

Question 8

Which pancreatic cells are typically not damaged until progression to chronic pancreatitis and which are the first to be damaged?

Answer 8

Islet cells typically spared until chronic.

Acinar cells damaged first.

Question 9

The following are the stages of Ductal Carcinoma of the Pancreas:

PanIN-1A/1B –> begining signs of dysplasia from telomere shortening and mutations in ____.

PanIN-2 –> inactivation of _____.

PanIN-3 (aka carcinoma in-situ) –> inactivation of ____ and mutations in ____ and BRCA2.)

Answer 9

K-RAS

p16

p53

SMAD4

Question 10

Trousseau’s Syndrome is a migratory __________ from elevated levels of platelet aggregation factors in Pancreatic exocrine tumor patients.

Answer 10

Thrombophlebitis