Lecture 24 Flashcards
What are some examples of different behavioural tests?
4 pts
- Response to environmental challenge - ‘Challenge Tests’
- Aggression
- General fearfulness
- Fearfulness towards humans
What is response to environmental challenges?
5 pts
- Social isolation - do they excape, vocalize?
- Handling - calm, fearful?
- Novel object - active, passive?
- Food competition - aggression, dominance?
- Social competition - aggression, dominance
What is the open door test?
2 pts
- Willingness to exit pen
- Which animal exits first
- Active/bold - exit first
- Passive/shy - slow to exit
What is the Novel Object Test?
2 pts
- Willingness to approach a novel object
- Tested in isolation or group setting
- Active/bold - rapid contact, short duration
- Passive/shy - slower to contact, longer duration
What is an aggression test and explain it.
4 pts
Resident-intruder test
* assess individual propensity to attack
* Procedure:
- test conducted in pen
- encounters between a resident and intruder
- intruder is unfamiliar, sbmaller
- after initial attack, the test is over
- Measure: attack latency
- short latency: high aggressive
- Long latency: low aggressive
Whatis the open-field test and tonic immobility?
2 pts
- Rodents put in open box, active animals don’t defecate as fast as passive, animal’s movement (ambulation score), position scores
- In poultry, freeze response, fearful birds: longerto move, lessactive, fewer distress calls
How to test fearfulness towards humans?
3 pts
- Tonic immobility in poultry
- Flinch, step and kick response in dairy cattle
- Approach tests
What is the statistical method developed for IQ analysis?
1 pts
Principle Components Analysis (PCA): considered similar to factor analysis
* Large number of variables per individual
* Correlation between multiple variables
* Is used to simplifydatainto smaller set of factorsthat explain multiple variables
* Factors are then used to explain the complex data set
What are some problems with interpreting factor analysis?
2 pts
- “correlation does not equal causation”
- just because variables are correlated does not mean they are related or inter-dependent
What are some reasons that would make factor analysis highly variable?
2 pts
- Sample size
- Rotation method (statistical method), etc.
What types of personality tests have been done on horses?
4 pts
Emotionality:
* Arena test
* Novel object test
* Bridge test
Learning and memory:
* Chest test - latency to open
What did the results determine about personality in horses?
1 pt
- Both breed and type of work affected behaviour
What are the four key canine motivations that are similar in all dog breeds?
4 pts
- Play-drive
- Hunt-drive
- Prey-drive
- Pack-drive
Who had the higher score for temperament (more excitable): B. indicus or B. taurus?
1 pt
B. indicus
Who had the higher score for temperament (more excitable): steers or heifers?
1 pt
Heifers
True or false: calm animals had higher gains.
1 pt
True
What do hair whorls indicate in cattle?
1 pt
If hair whorls are lower, animal is more aggressive
What is an easy way to reduce fear response in cattle?
1 pt
Using feed rewards
What are two examples of ways animals adapt?
2 pts
- Social learning - fear response: if you are young and see elders being scared of something, you will socially learn that you should be scared of that thing
- Winning or losing a fight: if you lose a fight, you’ll learn you’re not good at fighting
Will fish change their behaviour based on watching other fish?
4 pts
Shy watching shy: approached the object more quickly
Bold watching Shy: approached the object more slowly
Bold/Bold and Shy/Bold: no change
Fish showed social learning
If you’re watching an animal with the same strategy as you, you might change up your strategy. However, with bold/bold they are less flexible at changing their strategies compared to shys
