Lecture 19

Question 1

what could be considered one of the ultimate cause of social behaviour

1 pt

Answer 1

space

Question 2

What can social relationship lead to?

2 pts

Answer 2

• Aggregation
• Territorial behaviour

Question 3

Lone animals could result from:

4 pts

Answer 3

• Physical environment
• Pushed from a herd
• Age
• Chance of mortality

Question 4

Three most common types of social behaviours are:

3 pts

Answer 4

• Dominance hierarchies
• Agonistic behaviour
• Territoriality

Question 5

What is territoriality?

1 pt

Answer 5

One animal or a group of animals controls an area and its resources by repelling other animals through

Question 6

Why is territory always changing in size and shape?

3 pts

Answer 6

• Food availability
• Size of population
• Season (cold - they group together)

Question 7

Why defend a territory?

2 pts

Answer 7

• Reproductive fitness
• Food availability

Question 8

What are the two methods of defending territory?

2 pts

Answer 8

• Overt aggression
• Signalling (less risk of injury, less energy)

Question 9

How do horses use signalling to mark territory?

3 pts

Answer 9

• Territories marked by olfactory cues
• Wild/feral horses use manure piles along pathways which can actually separate bands of horses
• In pastured horses, the stallion will actually back into an existing manure pile of his and eliminate there to create larger piles with his own scent

Question 10

How do cattle signal to mark territory?

6 pts

Answer 10

• Erratic movements
• Tail flicking
• Ground pawing
• Turning sideways
• Pinned ears
• snorting

Question 11

What are the factors that cause size of territory?

5 pts

Answer 11

• Species
• Gender of the animal
• Food availability
• Predators
• cost of protecting territory

Question 12

Why are the territories of wild jungle fowl and one in zoo different?

2 pts

Answer 12

food and water, and protected

Question 13

What is the benefit to sharing territory?

1 pt

Answer 13

Owners sometimes allow satellites to share food if plentiful, satellites can help defend owner

Question 14

How does individual space differ in hens?

4 pts

Answer 14

• Far away when walking
• Closer when ground pecking
• Even closer when standing
• Closest when preening

Question 15

What do livestock need space for?

6 pts

Answer 15

• Grazing - feeding
• Social interaction
• Manure issues
• Exercise
• mental stimulation
• Behavioural preferences

Question 16

What are the four outlooks we use to establish space requirements?

4 pts

Answer 16

1. Economical - space required to achieve maximum economic return
2. Biological - space required to achieve max productivity
3. Affective state - space required to maximize positive and minimize negative behaviour
4. Natural living - space required to allow birds to perform basic behaviours that they would be in the wild like nesting, perching, running

Question 17

How does varying space allowances affect cows?

4 pts

Answer 17

Coat condition
Behaviour analysis (positive and negative)
Injury
Might include productivity - not always