Lecture 2.3 picture descriptions (incl. in 5%) Flashcards
If a lesion is non-palpable/ non-raised, what is it?
Macule
What type of rash can drug eruption cause? What type of lesion can this have?
Morbilliform rash; macules
What is a cause of hypopigmented macular rash?
Tinea versicolor
What color can macules be?
Any color; darker than pt’s skin, red, etc
1) Are melanotic nevi flat or raised?
2) What can they be described as?
1) Flat
2) Macules
How can you distinguish a benign melanotic nevus from a melanoma?
Melanomas often have an irregular border, size, and varied pigmentation
If a pt has bilaterally symmetric erythematous patches on central cheeks and eyebrows, some with an overlying greasy scale, what may they have?
Seborrheic dermatitis
If a pt has depigmented patches, what is this called?
Hypopigmentation
Define erythematous
Red
Give examples of macules
1) Drug eruption
2) Tinea versicolor
3) Melanocytic nevi
4) Malignant melanoma
Give examples of patches
1) Seborrheic dermatitis
2) Vitiligo
3) Tinea cruris
What is a raised spot called?
Papule
If a papule is described as pearly, what is it?
Basal cell carcinoma
If a pt comes in with the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, what might the papule look like?
Raised, pink, and pearly
Soft, fleshy colored to light brown papules, especially on the neck and axillary regions in skin folds, are called what? Are they benign?
Skin tags; benign
Give 2 examples of papules
1) Basal cell carcinoma
2) Skin tags
If a rash is described as “scattered erythematous to bright pink well-circumscribed flat-topped plaques on extensor knees and elbows with an overlying silvery scale” what is it?
Plaque psoriasis (psoriatic rash)
What type of rash is often found on extensor surfaces and has pretty clear borders?
Plaque psoriasis
Plaques on flexor surfaces are indicative of what?
Atopic dermatitis
Which has more clear borders, plaque psoriasis or atopic dermatitis?
Plaque psoriasis
A “herald patch” indicates what?
Pityriasis rosea
A single, oval, flat topped superficial erythematous to skin-colored plaque is what?
A herald patch of pityriasis rosea
If a spot is “raised” or “palpable” and it’s not a papule, what is it likely to be?
A scaling plaque
What does nummular mean and what is it often used to describe?
“Coin-like”; plaques
What do vesicles look like?
Slightly yellow and raised
What are vesicles often found on?
An erythematous base
Give 4 examples of plaques
1) Plaque psoriasis
2) Atopic dermatitis
3) Pityriasis rosea
4) Nummular dermatitis
Shingles is also known as what?
Herpes zoster
A dermatomal rash is correlated with what? What is this rash also often describe as?
Herpes zoster (aka shingles); usually vesicular on an erythematous base
What does dermatomal mean?
Doesn’t cross the midline
What is the difference between a papule and a vesicle in the context of a poison ivy rash?
Papules are the raised erythematous spots, vesicles are the fluid-filled spots
What does a bulla look like?
Looks like a bubble of fluid
(like a fluid-filled blister you get from wearing new shoes)
What can an erupted bulla look like?
Can leave bright red patches of torn skin
What does a pustule look like?
Has a white top on a red base, raised
Give 3 examples of things that cause vesicles
1) Herpes simplex
2) Herpes zoster (shingles)
3) Poison ivy/ allergic contact dermatitis
What is an extremely large pustule called?
A furuncle
What can cause a furuncle?
Inflamed hair follicle
Multiple furuncles form a __________
carbuncle
Define fluctuant
“Squishy”
If a furuncle is fluctuant, it’s more likely to be an ___________
abscess
What is the difference between a nodule and a papule?
A nodule is larger and deeper
A spot that’s darker than the rest of the skin is what?
Hyperpigmented
Keloids are a type of what?
Nodule
If an SQ mass is described as “rubbery”, what is it?
Lipoma
What is a lipoma?
Fat under skin (usually mobile)
Define evanesces
Comes and goes
Localized dermal edema that evanesces within a period of 1-2 days is the essential primary lesion of what?
Urticaria
Many variably sized wheals that evanesce are what?
Urticaria
What is a burrow?
A small linear or serpiginous pathways in the epidermis created by scabies mite
Multiple small erythematous papules on the abdomen, buttocks, scrotum, and shaft and head of penis with pruritis is likely what?
Scabies
What are small dark red raised circles called?
Cherry angiomas
If something is described as having a “stuck on” appearance, what is it?
Seborrheic keratosis
What does seborrheic keratosis look like?
Lots of stuck on looking hyperpigmented spots of varying shades darker than the patient’s skin
What are dark spots from the sun called?
Solar lentigines
What is a cyst in a scalp usually?
Pilar cyst
Give 7 examples of benign lesions
1) Cherry angiomas
2) Solar lentigines
3) Pilar cyst
4) Lipoma
5) Seborrheic keratosis
6) Benign melanocytic nevi
7) Keloid
Actinic Keratosis mimics what?
Superficial xerosis/ seborrheic dermatitis
Who is actinic keratosis common in and why is it medically significant?
Farmers (from being out in the sun); can turn into cancer
What tends to mimic squamous cell carcinoma?
1) Cutaneous horn
2) Seborrheic keratosis
3) Actinic keratosis
How can you distinguish AK (actinic keratosis) from basal cell carcinoma?
AK is usually scaley, and basal cells are often “pearly.”
True or false: actinic keratosis lesions can be considered suspicious
True; they can be non uniform in appearance and color and have irregular borders.
What can mimic basal cell carcinoma?
1) Fibrous papule
2) Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
What is indicative of some sort of cancer (either basal cell or SCC)?
A rolled border
What is a prime place for SCC?
The ear
True or false: basal cell carcinomas can become ulcerated
True
What can mimic melanoma? Describe their appearances
1) Solar lentigo
2) Dysplastic nevus: may have “fried egg” appearance
3) Inflamed seborrheic keratosis: erythematous base from inflammation can make it a mimic
4) Acral nevus: mimics acral melanoma
5) Blue nevus
6) Seborrheic keratosis: can be darkly pigmented and irregular
What skin condition increases risk of melanoma?
Solar lentigo
True or false: sometimes melanomas don’t have melanin
True
1) Describe mild acne
2) Describe moderate acne
3) What is the grade above moderate acne?
4) What happens if someone has cystic acne for a very long time?
1) Open and closed comedones, occasional papules
2) Comedones, papules, and pustules
3) Severe cystic acne
4) Acne with pitting and scars
What does a spider angioma look like?
A bright red spot, sometimes raised, with radiating legs
What does a spider vein look like?
Bluish with radiating legs, pressure does not cause blanching (think varicose veins)
What is the difference between petechia and purpura?
Petechia is small, purpura is larger
What does petechia/ purpura look like?
Deep or reddish purple rounded (sometimes irregular) flat spots with no blanching
What is ecchymosis a type of?
Purpuric lesion
What is the difference between petechia and ecchymosis?
Ecchymosis is larger and will fade to green, yellow, and brown with time; sometimes has a central SQ flat nodule
What causes both petechia and ecchymosis?
Blood outside the vessels
What are cutis rhomboidalis nuchae? What is the significance?
Deep wrinkles on the posterior neck that criss-cross; increases risk of skin cancer
What’s the difference between male pattern hair loss (MPHL) and female pattern hair loss?
Males tend to lose hair in a “receding hairline” pattern, females tend to lose hair from top of crown downward
No visible scaling or erythema with round patches of hair loss indicates what?
Alopecia areata.
Scaling and plaques beneath areas of hair loss indicates what?
Tinea capitis (ringworm).
What is scarring alopecia characterized by?
Shiny skin, complete loss of hair follicles, and often discoloration
An infection of the nail is called what?
Paronychia
What does clubbing of the fingers look like?
A bulbous swelling of soft tissue starting at the nail base
What can clubbing of the fingers indicate?
Skin cancer and chronic hypoxia (like in COPD)
Subungual melanoma is characterized by what?
Melanonychia; specifically a wide, growing, irregular streak in the nail
Besides melanoma, what is another cause of melanonychia? What does it usually look like?
Nevus; usually a thin uniform streak, and usually found in multiple nails
Define onycholysis and give potential causes
A painless separation of the whitened opaque nail plate from the nail bed (can be caused by trauma, psoriasis, allergic reaction, etc)
What is the most common cause of nail thickening and subungual debris? What causes it?
Onychomycosis; caused by dermatophytes (fungi or molds)
What causes pitting (depressions of the nail plate)?
Psoriasis, Reiter syndrome, etc
Transverse linear depressions of the nails can be caused by what?
Illness/ temporary stop in nail growth
What are bright red areas that blanch with pressure, accompanied by changes in temperature, consistency, or sensation?
Pressure ulcers
