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(PA school) HAPE > Lecture 2.3 picture descriptions (incl. in 5%) > Flashcards

Lecture 2.3 picture descriptions (incl. in 5%) Flashcards

1
Q

If a lesion is non-palpable/ non-raised, what is it?

A

Macule

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2
Q

What type of rash can drug eruption cause? What type of lesion can this have?

A

Morbilliform rash; macules

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3
Q

What is a cause of hypopigmented macular rash?

A

Tinea versicolor

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4
Q

What color can macules be?

A

Any color; darker than pt’s skin, red, etc

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5
Q

1) Are melanotic nevi flat or raised?
2) What can they be described as?

A

1) Flat
2) Macules

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6
Q

How can you distinguish a benign melanotic nevus from a melanoma?

A

Melanomas often have an irregular border, size, and varied pigmentation

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7
Q

If a pt has bilaterally symmetric erythematous patches on central cheeks and eyebrows, some with an overlying greasy scale, what may they have?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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8
Q

If a pt has depigmented patches, what is this called?

A

Hypopigmentation

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9
Q

Define erythematous

A

Red

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10
Q

Give examples of macules

A

1) Drug eruption
2) Tinea versicolor
3) Melanocytic nevi
4) Malignant melanoma

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11
Q

Give examples of patches

A

1) Seborrheic dermatitis
2) Vitiligo
3) Tinea cruris

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12
Q

What is a raised spot called?

A

Papule

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13
Q

If a papule is described as pearly, what is it?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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14
Q

If a pt comes in with the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, what might the papule look like?

A

Raised, pink, and pearly

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15
Q

Soft, fleshy colored to light brown papules, especially on the neck and axillary regions in skin folds, are called what? Are they benign?

A

Skin tags; benign

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16
Q

Give 2 examples of papules

A

1) Basal cell carcinoma
2) Skin tags

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17
Q

If a rash is described as “scattered erythematous to bright pink well-circumscribed flat-topped plaques on extensor knees and elbows with an overlying silvery scale” what is it?

A

Plaque psoriasis (psoriatic rash)

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18
Q

What type of rash is often found on extensor surfaces and has pretty clear borders?

A

Plaque psoriasis

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19
Q

Plaques on flexor surfaces are indicative of what?

A

Atopic dermatitis

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20
Q

Which has more clear borders, plaque psoriasis or atopic dermatitis?

A

Plaque psoriasis

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21
Q

A “herald patch” indicates what?

A

Pityriasis rosea

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22
Q

A single, oval, flat topped superficial erythematous to skin-colored plaque is what?

A

A herald patch of pityriasis rosea

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23
Q

If a spot is “raised” or “palpable” and it’s not a papule, what is it likely to be?

A

A scaling plaque

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24
Q

What does nummular mean and what is it often used to describe?

A

“Coin-like”; plaques

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25
Q

What do vesicles look like?

A

Slightly yellow and raised

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26
Q

What are vesicles often found on?

A

An erythematous base

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27
Q

Give 4 examples of plaques

A

1) Plaque psoriasis
2) Atopic dermatitis
3) Pityriasis rosea
4) Nummular dermatitis

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28
Q

Shingles is also known as what?

A

Herpes zoster

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29
Q

A dermatomal rash is correlated with what? What is this rash also often describe as?

A

Herpes zoster (aka shingles); usually vesicular on an erythematous base

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30
Q

What does dermatomal mean?

A

Doesn’t cross the midline

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31
Q

What is the difference between a papule and a vesicle in the context of a poison ivy rash?

A

Papules are the raised erythematous spots, vesicles are the fluid-filled spots

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32
Q

What does a bulla look like?

A

Looks like a bubble of fluid
(like a fluid-filled blister you get from wearing new shoes)

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33
Q

What can an erupted bulla look like?

A

Can leave bright red patches of torn skin

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34
Q

What does a pustule look like?

A

Has a white top on a red base, raised

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35
Q

Give 3 examples of things that cause vesicles

A

1) Herpes simplex
2) Herpes zoster (shingles)
3) Poison ivy/ allergic contact dermatitis

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36
Q

What is an extremely large pustule called?

A

A furuncle

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37
Q

What can cause a furuncle?

A

Inflamed hair follicle

38
Q

Multiple furuncles form a __________

A

carbuncle

39
Q

Define fluctuant

A

“Squishy”

40
Q

If a furuncle is fluctuant, it’s more likely to be an ___________

A

abscess

41
Q

What is the difference between a nodule and a papule?

A

A nodule is larger and deeper

42
Q

A spot that’s darker than the rest of the skin is what?

A

Hyperpigmented

43
Q

Keloids are a type of what?

A

Nodule

44
Q

If an SQ mass is described as “rubbery”, what is it?

A

Lipoma

45
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

Fat under skin (usually mobile)

46
Q

Define evanesces

A

Comes and goes

47
Q

Localized dermal edema that evanesces within a period of 1-2 days is the essential primary lesion of what?

A

Urticaria

48
Q

Many variably sized wheals that evanesce are what?

A

Urticaria

49
Q

What is a burrow?

A

A small linear or serpiginous pathways in the epidermis created by scabies mite

50
Q

Multiple small erythematous papules on the abdomen, buttocks, scrotum, and shaft and head of penis with pruritis is likely what?

A

Scabies

51
Q

What are small dark red raised circles called?

A

Cherry angiomas

52
Q

If something is described as having a “stuck on” appearance, what is it?

A

Seborrheic keratosis

53
Q

What does seborrheic keratosis look like?

A

Lots of stuck on looking hyperpigmented spots of varying shades darker than the patient’s skin

54
Q

What are dark spots from the sun called?

A

Solar lentigines

55
Q

What is a cyst in a scalp usually?

A

Pilar cyst

56
Q

Give 7 examples of benign lesions

A

1) Cherry angiomas
2) Solar lentigines
3) Pilar cyst
4) Lipoma
5) Seborrheic keratosis
6) Benign melanocytic nevi
7) Keloid

57
Q

Actinic Keratosis mimics what?

A

Superficial xerosis/ seborrheic dermatitis

58
Q

Who is actinic keratosis common in and why is it medically significant?

A

Farmers (from being out in the sun); can turn into cancer

59
Q

What tends to mimic squamous cell carcinoma?

A

1) Cutaneous horn
2) Seborrheic keratosis
3) Actinic keratosis

60
Q

How can you distinguish AK (actinic keratosis) from basal cell carcinoma?

A

AK is usually scaley, and basal cells are often “pearly.”

61
Q

True or false: actinic keratosis lesions can be considered suspicious

A

True; they can be non uniform in appearance and color and have irregular borders.

62
Q

What can mimic basal cell carcinoma?

A

1) Fibrous papule
2) Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

63
Q

What is indicative of some sort of cancer (either basal cell or SCC)?

A

A rolled border

64
Q

What is a prime place for SCC?

A

The ear

65
Q

True or false: basal cell carcinomas can become ulcerated

A

True

66
Q

What can mimic melanoma? Describe their appearances

A

1) Solar lentigo
2) Dysplastic nevus: may have “fried egg” appearance
3) Inflamed seborrheic keratosis: erythematous base from inflammation can make it a mimic
4) Acral nevus: mimics acral melanoma
5) Blue nevus
6) Seborrheic keratosis: can be darkly pigmented and irregular

67
Q

What skin condition increases risk of melanoma?

A

Solar lentigo

68
Q

True or false: sometimes melanomas don’t have melanin

A

True

69
Q

1) Describe mild acne
2) Describe moderate acne
3) What is the grade above moderate acne?
4) What happens if someone has cystic acne for a very long time?

A

1) Open and closed comedones, occasional papules
2) Comedones, papules, and pustules
3) Severe cystic acne
4) Acne with pitting and scars

70
Q

What does a spider angioma look like?

A

A bright red spot, sometimes raised, with radiating legs

71
Q

What does a spider vein look like?

A

Bluish with radiating legs, pressure does not cause blanching (think varicose veins)

72
Q

What is the difference between petechia and purpura?

A

Petechia is small, purpura is larger

73
Q

What does petechia/ purpura look like?

A

Deep or reddish purple rounded (sometimes irregular) flat spots with no blanching

74
Q

What is ecchymosis a type of?

A

Purpuric lesion

75
Q

What is the difference between petechia and ecchymosis?

A

Ecchymosis is larger and will fade to green, yellow, and brown with time; sometimes has a central SQ flat nodule

76
Q

What causes both petechia and ecchymosis?

A

Blood outside the vessels

77
Q

What are cutis rhomboidalis nuchae? What is the significance?

A

Deep wrinkles on the posterior neck that criss-cross; increases risk of skin cancer

78
Q

What’s the difference between male pattern hair loss (MPHL) and female pattern hair loss?

A

Males tend to lose hair in a “receding hairline” pattern, females tend to lose hair from top of crown downward

79
Q

No visible scaling or erythema with round patches of hair loss indicates what?

A

Alopecia areata.

80
Q

Scaling and plaques beneath areas of hair loss indicates what?

A

Tinea capitis (ringworm).

81
Q

What is scarring alopecia characterized by?

A

Shiny skin, complete loss of hair follicles, and often discoloration

82
Q

An infection of the nail is called what?

A

Paronychia

83
Q

What does clubbing of the fingers look like?

A

A bulbous swelling of soft tissue starting at the nail base

84
Q

What can clubbing of the fingers indicate?

A

Skin cancer and chronic hypoxia (like in COPD)

85
Q

Subungual melanoma is characterized by what?

A

Melanonychia; specifically a wide, growing, irregular streak in the nail

86
Q

Besides melanoma, what is another cause of melanonychia? What does it usually look like?

A

Nevus; usually a thin uniform streak, and usually found in multiple nails

87
Q

Define onycholysis and give potential causes

A

A painless separation of the whitened opaque nail plate from the nail bed (can be caused by trauma, psoriasis, allergic reaction, etc)

88
Q

What is the most common cause of nail thickening and subungual debris? What causes it?

A

Onychomycosis; caused by dermatophytes (fungi or molds)

89
Q

What causes pitting (depressions of the nail plate)?

A

Psoriasis, Reiter syndrome, etc

90
Q

Transverse linear depressions of the nails can be caused by what?

A

Illness/ temporary stop in nail growth

91
Q

What are bright red areas that blanch with pressure, accompanied by changes in temperature, consistency, or sensation?

A

Pressure ulcers

(PA school) HAPE (41 decks)

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