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Year 1: 08. CPR Exam 1 > Lecture 23: Great Vessel Development > Flashcards

Lecture 23: Great Vessel Development Flashcards

1
Q

Where do aortic arches arise from?

A

Aortic sac

-distal most portion of truncus arteriosus

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2
Q

Where are aortic arches formed?

A

Within the pharyngeal arches by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis

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3
Q

Where do the dorsal aorta fuse?

What direction does it continue in?

A

T4 axial level

-continues caudally

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4
Q

What divides into aorta and pulmonary arteries?

A

Truncus arteriosus

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5
Q

What are intersegmental arteries?

A

Set of arteries arising from the embryonic dorsal aorta

-each artery providing blood supply to one somite and its derivatives

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6
Q

Cervical intersegmental arteries are united by longitudinal anastomoses and give rise to what artery?

A

Vertebral artery

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7
Q

The 7th cervical intersegmental artery on both sides give rise to what artery?

A

Subclavian Artery

  • left side: all of it
  • right side: part of it
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8
Q

What do the anastomoses between thoracic intersegmental arteries give rise to?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

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9
Q

What do the thoracic intersegmental arteries themselves give rise to?

A

Anterior and Posterior intercostal arteries

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10
Q

What does the 5th lumbar intersegmental artery give rise to?

A

Common Iliac Artery

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11
Q

What does the 3rd aortic arch give rise to?

A

Common Carotid: both external and internal

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12
Q

What does the left 4th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Forms part of aortic arch

-connected to left ventricle via spiral septum of outflow tract

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13
Q

What does the right 4th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk and part of right subclavian artery

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14
Q

What does the 6th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

Why do the right and left recurrentl laryngeal nerves differ?

A

Right aortic arch VI loses connection with dorsal aorta and its recurrent laryngeal nerve is hooked around future right subclavian artery

Left aortic arch VI has ductus arteriosus that becomes ligamentum arteriosum, which hooks left recurrent laryngeal

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16
Q

After birth, the distal end of umbilical arteries is obliterated and becomes what?

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

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17
Q

What branches of the umbilical artery and supplies the superior portion of the bladder?

A

Superior vesicular arteries

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18
Q

How does oxygen rich blood bypass most of the liver and enter inferior vena cava and right ventricle?

A

via ductus venosus

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19
Q

What does the ductus venosus eventually become?

A

Ligamentum venosum

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20
Q

How does blood shift from right atria to left atria?

A

via foramen ovale

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21
Q

How does blood from pulmonary trunk enter descending aorta?

A

via ductus arteriosus

22
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus become?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

23
Q

What keeps ductus arteriosus open?

A

Prostaglandins

Certain oxygen levels

24
Q

What are some consequences of patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

  • pulmonary congestion
  • congestive heart failure
25
Q

What can cause an increase risk of patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Maternal rubella infection

26
Q

What is coarctation?

A

Narrowing of the aorta

27
Q

What syndrome is coarctation associated with?

A

Turner Syndrome

28
Q

How can circulation be compensated with in a postductal coarctation?

A

Collateral circulation is established through intercostal (intersegmental) arteries and internal thoracic arteries

29
Q

Why is preductal coarctation dangerous?

A
  • Collaterals usually not well developed

- After birth, little or no blood gets to lower body and legs unless ductus arteriosus remains open

30
Q

How does an aberrant origin of right subclavian artery form?

A

Right 4th aortic arch is eliminated, meaning the right dorsal aorta must cross esophagus to reach right upper limb

31
Q

Describe a double aortic arch.

A

Aorta wraps around trachea and esophagus can cause strangulation
-abnormal formation called a vascular ring

32
Q

Describe a right aortic arch.

A

Left 4th aortic arch and dorsal aorta disappears and replaced by structures on the right
-dysphagia and dyspnea are common symptoms

33
Q

Describe an interrupted aortic arch.

A

Left 4th aortic arch disappears

  • ductus arteriosus remains and lower parts of body are supplied with poor oxygen content
  • aortic trunk supplies two common carotid arteries
34
Q

With what syndrome is an interrupted aortic arch associated with?

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

35
Q

What does the vitelline system do?

A

Carries blood from yolk sac to sinus venosus

36
Q

What does the umbilical system do?

A

Carries oxygen rich blood from placenta

37
Q

What does the cardinal system do?

A

Drain the body of embryo

38
Q

Describe what happens to vitelline veins?

A
  1. Initially empty into sinus horns
  2. Surrounded by liver primordia
  3. Vitelline veins form vascular plexus (hepatic sinusoids)
  4. Blood flow channeled twd right side of liver
  5. Proximal portion of right vitelline vein –> IVC
39
Q

Right vitelline vein forms the right _____ ____ that eventually forms the terminal part of the inferior vena cava

A

hepatocardiac channel

40
Q

Inferior parts of vitelline veins help contribute to form what veins?

A

Portal vein
Superior and inferior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein

41
Q

Which umbilical vein carries placental blood to liver?

A

Left

42
Q

What is the ductus venosus?

A

Direct communication between left umbilical vein and right hepatocardiac channel that allows most of the blood to
bypass the sinusoidal plexus of liver

43
Q

What does the umbilical vein eventually become?

A

Ligamentum teres

44
Q

The anterior and posterior cardinal veins form what

A

Common cardinal vein before entering the sinus horn

45
Q

The anterior cardinal veins drain what?

A

Most of the blood from the head and neck into cardinal veins on right side

46
Q

An anastomosis between right and left anterior cardinal vein forms what?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

47
Q

Right common cardinal vein forms what?

A

SVC

48
Q

If there is abnormal anterior cardinal vein development, the SVC might drain where instead of the right atria?

A

Coronary sinus

49
Q

Posterior cardinal veins connect which two parallel set of veins?

A

Subcardinal

Supracardinal

50
Q

What do subcardinal veins contribute to?

A

Veins of kidneys and gonads

Abdominal IVC

51
Q

What do supracardinal veins contribute to?

A

IVC
Azygous system
Veins draining body wall

Year 1: 08. CPR Exam 1 (29 decks)

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