LECTURE 23: ANTIVIRAL

Question 1

influenza drug

Answer 1

neuraminidase inhibitor

Question 2

neurominidase inhibitor

Answer 2

neurominidase is essential for final release of virion - this is blocked

Question 3

HIV drugs

Answer 3

dolutegravir, lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil

Question 4

dolutegravir

Answer 4

• Dolutegravir is an antiretroviral integrase inhibitor, and works by blocking the integrase enzyme needed to allow the viral DNA to integrate into the host genome, meaning the retrovirus cannot replicate
• In combination with other antiretroviral drugs, it is used to treat HIV and may also be used prophylactically to prevent infection after exposure

Question 5

lamivudine

Answer 5

• Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor whose active metabolite blocks the reverse transcription of HIV RNA into DNA
• In combination with other antiretroviral drugs, it is used to treat HIV and may also be used prophylactically to prevent infection after exposure
• It is also used to treat chronic Hepatitis B infection as it also inhibits Hep B polymerase
• Long-term use can increase the risk of resistance of Hepatitis B viruses

Question 6

Tenofovir disoproxil

Answer 6

• Tenofovir disoproxil is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor whose active metabolite blocks the reverse transcription of HIV RNA into DNA
• As a prodrug, the tenofovir is cleaved and then phosphorylated to tenofovir diphosphate, which can then block the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme
• In combination with other antiretroviral drugs, it is used to treat HIV and may also be used prophylactically to prevent infection after exposure