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BMS317 - Pharmacology > LECTURE 12 & 13: AUTONOMIC > Flashcards

LECTURE 12 & 13: AUTONOMIC Flashcards

1
Q

fight or flight (CVS, Respiratory and Miscellaneous)

A

CVS - ^ HR, ^ myocardial contraction strength, vasodilation

Respiratory- ^ respiratory rate, bronchioles dilate

Miscellaneous - mydriasis, ^BGC, decrease GIT motility

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2
Q

receptor of sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenergic receptors

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3
Q

adrenergic agonist

A

adrenaline/ epinephrine

noradrenaline

dopamine

pseudoephedrine

phenylephrine

solbutamol, salmeterol, clenbuterol

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4
Q

main adrenergic agonist

A

adrenaline / epinephrine

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5
Q

adrenergic receptor types

A

alpha 1 + 2
beta 1 + 2

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6
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor

A
  • vasoconstriction to ^bp
  • pupils dilate
  • reduced GIT motility
  • Splenic contraction
  • bladder sphincter contraction
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7
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor

A
  • vasoconstriction and vasodilation
  • CNS effects
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8
Q

Beta 1 adrenergic receptor

A
  • ^ myocardial contraction and ^ HR = ^ CO
  • detrusor muscle relaxation
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9
Q

A1 receptor mainly concerned with

A

blood vessels

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10
Q

B1 receptor mainly concerned with

A

heart

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11
Q

B2 receptor mainly concerned with

A

lungs

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12
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic receptor

A
  • bronchiolar dilation
  • vasodilation in skeletal muscle
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13
Q

what receptor is responsible for vasodilation at skeletal muscle

A

B2

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14
Q

use of adrenaline in emergency

A

anaphylaxis e.g. epipen

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15
Q

what does adrenaline do in anaphylaxis in concern to adrenergic receptors

A
  • reverses effects of histamine by acting as physiological antagonist
  • reverses fatal bronchiolar constriction by B2 antagonism
  • reverses vasodilation by A1 vasoconstriction (at skin)
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16
Q

adrenaline acts as what kind of antagonist in anaphylaxis

A

physiological antagonist

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17
Q

route of epipen amdinistration

A

IM

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18
Q

Does noradrenaline work same as adrenaline

A

yes

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19
Q

dopamine as an adrenergic agonist at low, high and high still doses

A

low - acts on dopamine receptor = erection

high - B1 = ^ cardiac contraction

high still dose - A1 = systemic vasoconstriction

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20
Q

Name a drug used to relieve nasal congestion

A

Pseduoephedrine and phenylephrine

phenylephrine has replaced as major because pseudo has CNS effects

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21
Q

how do nasal decongestant drugs work

A

A1 vasoconstriction

22
Q

has phenylephrine been used for nose bleeds

A

yes

23
Q

Solbutamol, salmeterol and clenbuterol are primarily used for ______ support owing to their ___ receptor _____

A

respiratory

B2

agonism

24
Q

adrenergic antagonists

A

prazosin and beta blockers

25
Q

prazosin as an antagonist

A

A1 antagonist = vasodilation

26
Q

propranolol and atenolol antagonists act as ____________ and ________ due to their effect of excessive sympathetic stimulation, owing to their ______ antagonist effects

A

antiarrhythmic and vasodilator

beta

27
Q

which beta-blocker should be used with caution with airway disease

A

propanolol because targets both beta-adrenergic receptors

28
Q

Cholinergic receptors respond to ________ and includes _______ & _______

A

acetylcholine

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

29
Q

nicotinic acetylchoine agonists

A

Ach and nicotine

30
Q

nicotinic acetylcholine antagonist

A

tobucurarine

31
Q

muscarinic acetylchoine antagonist

A

atropine / hyoscine

32
Q

muscarinic acetylcholine agonist

A

muscarine

33
Q

rest and digest (CVS, Respiratory, GIT, Misc)

A

CVS - dec HR

Res - bronchiolar constriction

GIT - ^ motility, salivation, sphincters open

Misc - pupils contract, lacrimation

34
Q

excessive ACh (PNS and somatic) signs (muscarinic, somatic and CNS)

A

muscarinic - salivation, lacrimation, urination, vomiting

somatic - muscle tremor

CNS - seuziring

35
Q

Parasympathomimetics

A

drugs that have similar effects as PNS activation

36
Q

example of Parasympathomimetic and what it does

A

bethanocol, ^ GIT motility

37
Q

Parasympatholytics

A

drugs that inhibit PNS

38
Q

Parasympatholytics are __________at the _________ acetylcholine receptor

A

antagonists

muscarinic

39
Q

Parasympatholytic examples

A

atropine, tropicamide, ipatropium, hysoscine

40
Q

important example of Parasympatholytics and its use

A

atropine, used to dilate pupil in eye examinations

41
Q

parasympatholytic toxicty little saying

A

dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad a a hatter

42
Q

dry as a bone due to ___________, red as a beet due to ________, and mad as a hatter due to _____

A

Dec sweat, saliva, lacrimaiton

dec sweating and hyperthermia

CNS effects

43
Q

compare mydriasis with atropine and tropicamide

A

Tropicamide has short onset and shorter duration

atropine has longer onset and longer duration

44
Q

drugs with nicotinic like effects are also called ___________ and includes the examples __________

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

neostigmine, edrophonion, organosphosphate

45
Q

main cholinesterase inhibitor to remmeber is

A

neostigmine

46
Q

what drugs are used for myasthenia gravis

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

47
Q

drugs with antinicotinic effects are our

A

NM blockers

48
Q

NM blocker example

A

atracurium

49
Q

Describe how neostigmine acts as an antidote for atracurium

A

Neostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of ACh. This causes the concentration of ACh in the neuromuscular junction to increase to a point that overcomes the competitive antagonism of the atracurium on the muscle’s nicotinic receptors.

50
Q

why use NM blockers

A

surgery

51
Q

atracurium is a competitive ____________ which gains access to ____ and antagonises the action ACh can _________

A

nicotinic receptor antagonist

Ach R

have on receptor

52
Q

cholinesterase inhibitors do what?

A

decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine

BMS317 - Pharmacology (22 decks)

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