Lecture 23

Question 1

I. Components of Morality

C__ - focus of t__

A__

• conscience: internal r__ mechanism that increases the individual’s ability to c__ to cultural standards of c__
• ->g__

B__

Answer 1

cognition, theories

affect
regulatory, conform, conduct –> guilt

behavior

Question 2

Piaget’s Theory:
- John vs. Henry cups dilemma

• Stages:
  • P__ (< _ yrs)

•H__ Morality (- yrs)
–rules are handed down by a__ and cannot be c__.
–focus on c__ (_ vs. _ cup)

–e__ punishment: punishment is g__ for its own s__.
–i__ justice: if you break a r__ you’ll be p__ one way or another.

•A__ Morality (- yrs)
–rules/laws are a__ agreements that can be c__/v__
–i__ important
–r__ punishment: punishment should fit the c__ and teach a l__.

Answer 2

premoral, 5

heteronomous, 5-10
authorities, changed
consequences, 15 vs. 1

expiatory, good, sake
immanent, rule, punished

autonomous, 11-12
arbitrary, changed/violated
intentions
reciprocal, crime, lesson

Question 3

II. Piaget’s Theory:

• Criticisms?
  • u__ young children
  • even p__ know the difference between: (Turiel’s research)

– m__ judgments: r__ vs. w__, f__, j__.

– s__-c__ judgments: c__, r__ in support of social c__/o__.

Answer 3

underestimated
preschoolers

moral, right, wrong, fairness, justice

social-conventional, customs, rules, coordination/organization

Question 4

III. Kohlberg’s Theory:

Kohlberg was interested in s\_\_ through which children’s moral reasoning:
 Develops over t\_\_.
 Proceeds through s\_\_ s\_\_.
• D\_\_ and h\_\_\_
• A\_\_ thinking with each new stage.

Answer 4

sequences

time
specific stages
discontinuous, hierarchical
advanced

Question 5

III. Kohlberg’s Theory:

Preconventional level:
S__-c__, focusing on getting r__ and avoiding p__.
Stage 1: P__ and o__ orientation
Stage 2: I__ and e__ orientation

Conventional level:
Centered on s__relationships, focusing on c__ with social d__ and l__.
Stage 3: Mutual interpersonal e__, r__, and interpersonal c__ (“good girl, nice boy”)
Stage 4: Social s__ and conscience o__ (“l__ & o__”)

Postconventional level:
Centered on i__, focusing on moral p__.
Stage 5: Social c__ or individual r__ orientation
Stage 6: U__ ethical principles

Answer 5

preconventional
self-centered, rewards, punishment
punishment, obedience
instrumental, exchange

social, compliance, duties, laws
expectations, relationships, conformity
system, orientation, law, order

ideals, principles
contract, rights
universal

Question 6

III. Kohlberg’s Theory:

• Criticisms?
  •Hard to reach stages _ & _ (esp. in some c__ contexts)
  •People can reason at more than o__ stage at a s__ point in d__.

Answer 6

5, 6, cultural

one, single, development