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Childhood Psych Final > Lecture 22 > Flashcards

Lecture 22 Flashcards

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1
Q

I. Friendship: Peers vs. Friends

What is a peer?
-someone who is approximately the same a__ and s__ as you are and who is not r__ to you.

What is a friend?
-a person with whom an individual has an i__, r__, p__ relationship.

A

age, status, related

intimate, reciprocated, positive

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2
Q

How do children find friends?

Children tend to make friends w/others similar in:

  • S__ behavior (e.g., c__)
  • N__ emotions (e.g., d__)
  • A__ motivation
  • C__ maturity

P__, g__ important for young children

S__ also matters (the quality of being sociable.)
-“Birds of a feather
flock together”

A

social, cooperativeness

negative, depression

academic

cognitive

proximity, gender

sociability

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3
Q

Developmental Course of Friendship:

Early Childhood

  • Children have peer preferences by - months
  • By age - most children have at least __ friend
  • High c__ and c__

Middle Childhood and Adolescence
-Importance of shared a__ declines, importance
of i__, e__, etc. increases
-Friendships become more e__

A

12-18
3-4, one
cooperation, conflict

activities, intimacy, exploration
exclusive

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4
Q

How today’s children communicate with their friends:

Usually t__ m__ (most common), s__ n__, or p__ c__.

g___ popular for boys.

A

text messaging
social networking
phone calls

gaming

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5
Q

Benefits of Friendship:

Perceived s__ s__ from friends increases in a__.

A

social support

adolescence

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6
Q

Technology and Friendship:

Rich-get-richer hypothesis: youths with good s__ s__ most likely to benefit from technology

Social compensation hypothesis: tech especially
beneficial for l__, s__ a__ youth

A

social skills

lonely, socially anxious

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7
Q

II. Peer Status: Who’s Liked? Who’s Not?

 S__ Measures:
P__ nominations
N__ nominations

How Much Do You Like to Play
With This Person at School?
1 2 3 4 5

A

sociometric

positive, negative

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8
Q

Peer Acceptance Categories

 Popular: many \_\_, few \_\_
 Rejected: many \_\_, few \_\_
 Controversial: many \_\_, many \_\_. 
 Neglected: few \_\_, few \_\_
 Average: few e\_\_ ratings
A

positive, negative

negative, positive

positive, negative

positive, negative

extreme

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9
Q 
Outcomes of Peer Rejection
 Rejected children are:
-more l\_\_
-more d\_\_
-more s\_\_ a\_\_

 And at risk for:

  • dropping out of s__
  • d__ and low s__-e__ later in life

Unfortunately, rejection often p__

Rejected are the most l__ out of all of the peer acceptance categories.

A

lonely
depressed
socially anxious

school
depression, self-esteem

persists

lonely

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10
Q

The Origins of Peer Acceptance:

-Physical A__

  • A__
  • Especially for __
  • Having h__-s__ friends
  • S__ Skills
A

attractiveness

athleticism, boys

high-status

social

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11
Q

Assessing the Role of Social Skills:

C__ Studies:

  • Identify children’s s__ status
  • Gather p__ reports of b__
  • Examine characteristics of r__ children

P__ Group Studies:

  • Previously u__ children play together
  • Record b__
  • Identify children’s s__ status
A

correlational
sociometric
peer, behaviors
rejected

play
unacquainted
behaviors
sociometric

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12
Q

Social Skills Related to Peer Acceptance:

 Popular and Likeable Children*
- A\_\_ by peers
- I\_\_; h\_\_ status in group
- May exhibit p\_\_ and a\_\_ behaviors
-C\_\_, f\_\_, s\_\_ to others, good
e\_\_ regulation

R__ aggression: E__ others from social group and attempting to do h__ to other
people’s r__.

Distinction between *popular vs. “p__ popular” (or “c__”)
This list talks about kids who are actually liked by their peers and not just perceived as cool (aka popular)

A

accepted
impactful, high
prosocial, aggressive
cooperative, friendly, sensitive, emotion

relational, excluding, harm, relationships

perceived (cool)

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13
Q

Social Skills Related to Peer Acceptance:

Aggressive-Rejected Children:
prone to p__ aggression, d__ behavior, d__, and n__ behavior (h__, t__others)

Withdrawn-Rejected Children:
socially w__, w__, and often t__

Neglected Children:
keeps to s__, has i__ other than peers

Controversial Children:
p__, but also a__

A

physical, disruptive, delinquency, negative (hostility, threatening)

withdrawn, wary, timid

self, interests

prosocial, aggressive

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14
Q

Friendship vs. Peer Status
 A__ and f__ are different constructs.

__% of high-accepted children have a reciprocal best friend

__% of low-accepted children have a reciprocal best friend

A

acceptance, friendship

90

50

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15
Q

Friendship vs. Peer Status:

Friendship can serve as a b__ for r__ children

-as number of friends increases, l__ decreases.

A

buffer, rejected

loneliness

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16
Q

III. Bullying and Victimization

  • Physical bullying:
    P__ hurting or t__ to hurt
    someone.
  • Verbal bullying:
    I__, t__, h__, or i__ someone.
  • Social bullying:
    Purposely e__ someone from
    c__ or a__, spreading r__, or
    withholding f__.

 Cyberbullying:
Use of t__ to h__ or u__ another person

Bullying is common: _% have experienced v__ bullying

A

physically, threatening

insulting, teasing, harassing, intimidating

excluding, conversations, activities, rumors, friendship

technology, harass, upset

31, verbal

17
Q

Bullying and Victimization:

 Children who bully are c__ and a__, susceptible to p__ p__, higher in s__ s__, and have h__ and i__ parents

 Children who are victims of bullying are r__ by peers, do poorly in s__, and feel d__.

 Children can be both b__ and v__ (~__%)

A

callous, antisocial, peer pressure, social status, harsh, insensitive

rejected, school, depressed

bullies, victims (20%)

18
Q

Cyberbullying:

A form of r__ aggression!

A

relational

19
Q

Cyberbullying:

Cyberbullying and Popularity study

  • studied 12-14 year-olds in Belgium
  • 154 students (an entire grade) across the school year

More cyberbullying leads to greater p__ p__ but not greater l__.

Cyberbullying may be attractive because it increases s__ among p__.

A

percieved popularity, likability

status, peers

20
Q

Roles of Parents in Peer Relations

 Parental Influences – Direct

  • Modeling of s__ s__
  • Encouraging p_ relationships
  • M__ peer relationships

Parental Influences – Indirect
-S__ attachment predicts better s__ s__, f__, and r__ relationships later on.

-S__ parent-child relationship facilitates parental “m__” (often assessed as k__)

A

social skills
peer
monitoring

secure, social skills, friendships, romantic

strong, monitoring, knowledge

21
Q

Parents & Peers Study
A large, longitudinal
study of 7-9-year-olds
showed that…

…p__ relationships
with parents can b__
children against negative
effects of p__ difficulties.

A

positive, buffer, peer

Childhood Psych Final (9 decks)

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