Lecture 23 3/28/25 Flashcards
What allows for the abomasum to move more freely within the abdominal cavity?
it is loosely attached to omentum, but not well adhered to the body wall
What are some facts regarding abomasum anatomy?
-volume fo 28 to 30 L
-true stomach
-produces HCl, pepsin, and renin
-undergoes 20 emptyings a day
-loosely attached in the abdomen
What is the incidence of displaced abomasum?
-relatively common
-all cattle are at risk
-slightly more common in dairy cattle compared to beef cattle
What are the financial losses associated with displaced abomasum?
-treatment
-lost of production
-culling and replacing
What are the predisposing factors for displaced abomasum?
-being a dairy cow
-being in the first four weeks of lactation
-genetics/breed predisposition
-nutrition
Which periparturient diseases are associated with displaced abomasum?
-retained placenta
-mastitis
-hypocalcemia
-metritis
How can nutrition predispose to displaced abomasum?
-low crude fiber intake
-negative energy balance
-low postpartum serum calcium levels
Why is DA often seeing following birth?
-calf takes up lots of space in abdominal cavity and rumen compresses
-after birth, there is a lot of space for the abomasum to move within
What are the first signs of DA?
-drop in milk production
-abnormal food consumption/selectively getting off concentrations
What is the clinical presentation of DA?
-anorexia
-mild dehydration
-elevated HR
-cold extremities
How is DA diagnosed?
-percussion/auscultation of abdomen (pinging)
-transrectal palpation to evaluate uterus and rumen size
What is the most common mistake when trying to diagnose DA?
pinging too caudally and missing an abomasal ping
Where should pinging be attempted in order to diagnose DA?
between the 9th and 11th/12th intercostal spaces, along a line from the ileum to elbow
How does an RDA differ from an abomasal volvulus?
RDA:
-pylorus stays caudal compared to body of abomasum
AV:
-abomasum rotates and pylorus goes cranial compared to body of abomasum
How is a ruminal ping distinguished from an abomasal ping?
rumen pings sound more dull compared to abomasal pings
What must be assessed on physical exam in a DA cow?
-heart rate
-pain level
-dehydration status
-concurrent dz
–mastitis
–metritis
–ketosis
–hypocalcemia
–abomasal ulcers
How does the type of DA impact heart rate and pain?
LDA: minor pain, HR around 70
RDA: more painful, HR > 82
AV: acute abdomen, HR > 100
What diagnostic findings on blood work are suggestive of DA?
-hypochloremia
-hypokalemia
-hypocalcemia
-metabolic alkalosis
How can oro-ruminal intubation be used to test for DA?
-simultaneous auscultation of left paralumbar fossa while someone blows air into tube
-in normal cattle, loud bubbling sounds can be heard because there is no viscous between the abdominal wall and the rumen
-in DA cattle, the bubbling sounds distant between the abomasum is between the abdominal wall and the rumen
What are the characteristics of the liptak test?
-stick a needle into the organ that is against the body wall and test pH
-abomasum will have a lower pH (3 to 3.5)
-rumen will have closer to neutral pH
What can be seen on ultrasonography on the left side that indicates LDA?
visible mucosal folds on ultrasound in a region that should be rumen
What can be seen on ultrasonography on the right side that indicates RDA?
can see the half moon shape and lots of folds that make up the pylorus in a region that should be rumen
What are the treatment strategies for LDA treatment?
*roll
-shake
-toggle
*right paralumbar fossa laparotomy
-omentopexy
-pyloropexy
*left paralumbar fossa laparotomy
-abomasopexy
*right paramedian laparotomy
-abomasopexy
*laparoscopy
What are the treatment strategies for RDA/AV?
*right paralumbar fossa laparotomy
-omentopexy
-pyloropexy