Lecture 22 - Example exam Qs. Flashcards
Question 2 – Summarise THREE theoretical perspectives on language development, and for EACH perspective review the supporting evidence.
Familiarity with Lecture 4 would be sufficient for a basic answer to this question. Good answers also drew on material from readings, from a relevant seminar, and from other lectures (including Lecture 3). Good arguments explicitly said what conclusion could be drawn from particular evidence. Higher marks were awarded for evidence of understanding how theoretical perspectives relate to each other and to the data, and for thoughtful discussion of how one study related to another. Some poorer answers showed limited knowledge of relevant lecture material, misunderstood a particular study and whether or not it supported a particular theory, or included little or no material beyond Lecture 4. A number of answers surprisingly cited high amplitude sucking and conditioned head turn studies as evidence that classical conditioning is relevant to language learning. Although it did not directly influence marks, some gender bias was revealed by masculine pronouns used in reference to female researchers including Jean Berko Gleason, Janet Werker, and Elissa Newport.
The information held for a short time in iconic memory is a. pre-categorical b. categorical c. blurred d. numerical
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
A lexical decision task requires people
a. to judge the grammaticality of sentences.
b. decide whether something is a real word or not.
c. say how many meanings a word has.
d. name the colour of ink a word is printed in.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
In the Loftus and Palmer (1974) experiment, participant’s judgements of car speeds were influenced ………………………
a) proactively b) positively c) retroactively d) negatively
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
Implicit memory refers to activities we do not explicitly:
a. perform.
b. memorize.
c. imagine.
d. learn.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
Studies of forgetting in short-term memory have typically found that loss of information from memory is due to:
a. recall or recognition.
b. decay or interference.
c. failure to learn.
d. performance decrements.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
The “recency effect” refers to an explanation of superior memory for items in a serial list which are located at the __________ of the list.
a. end
b. middle
c. beginning
d. beginning and end
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
An area of the brain critical to complex learning and the formation of declarative memory is the:
a. the grey bit, towards the back.
b. cerebellum.
c. occipital cortex.
d. hippocampus.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
Which of the following is NOT a common question posed by psycholinguists?
a. What mental representations and processes underlie the capacity to use language?
b. Is language a separate, encapsulated module, or a collection of general cognitive abilities?
c. What features characterize the language of psychopaths?
d. Do language subsystems operate autonomously or do they interact dynamically?
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
Which of the following is NOT true of human language?
a. It is just like animal communication systems, only more so.
b. The relationship between sounds and meanings is arbitrary.
c. It exhibits rampant productivity.
d. Complex phrases are composed of symbols arranged into hierarchical structures.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
The mental lexicon includes which of the following types of information?
a. meaningful chunks of sound
b. associations between sounds and meanings
c. parts of speech for each word
d. all the above
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
The prototype theory of concepts maintains that ____________.
a. Things are categorized by comparing them to a single characteristic member of each category.
b. Pet fish have exactly those attributes which are shared by both pets and fish.
c. Most concepts can be defined by identifying a few necessary and sufficient features.
d. The pope is not eligible to marry, so he is not a real bachelor.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
The words ‘towed’ and ‘toad’ sound the same but have different meanings. What do pairs of words like these tell us about reading?
a. Phonology mediates between orthography and meaning.
b. Phonology does not always mediate between orthography and meaning.
c. Semantic judgments take longer for homophones than for non-homophones.
d. The phonological lexicon includes irregular as well as regular spellings.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
In reading the following sentence, what do people do when they come to the word ‘moustache’?The friend talked as the barber trimmed the moustache after lunch.
a. Backtrack to fixate again on the word ‘trimmed’.
b. Use cross-modal priming to decide whether it is a real word or not.
c. Integrate it into their semantic interpretation of the sentence before launching the next saccade.
d. Access the subordinate meaning, if any, as well as the dominant meaning.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
In speech production, the syntactic category rule does which of the following?
a. Explains why ‘Let the house out of the cat’ is a more likely error than ‘Cat the let out of the house’.
b. Explains how errors like “I’ll spaint in the tudio” instead of “I’ll paint in the studio” occur.
c. Explains why picture naming times are faster for nouns than for verbs.
d. All the above.
Answer not provided. (might be on lecture tho)
