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Whitney - Histology Test 2 > Lecture 21 Histology of the Eye > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Histology of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three tunics of the eyeball

A

Fibrous Tunic
Vascular Tunic
Inner Tunic

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2
Q

Fibrous Tunic

A

Sclera (tunica fibrosa)

Cornea

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3
Q

Vascular Tunic

A

Choroid
Ciliary Body
Iris

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4
Q

Inner Tunic

A

Retina

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5
Q

Sclera Layers

A

Episcleral Layer
Sclera Proper
Lamina Cribrosa

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6
Q

Episcleral layer

A

Outer layer
Loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers
Highly vascular
Attaches the lining of the eyelid (conjunctiva) to the sclera

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7
Q

Sclera Proper

A

Made up of interlacing collagen fibers
Attachment site for tendons or extrinsic eye muscles
Collagen bundles are always parallel to outer surface of sclera

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8
Q

Lamina Cribrosa

A

Perforated disc of sclera

Pass through for optic nerve fibers

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9
Q

What is the name of the junction between the sclera and the cornea? What is its characteristic?

A

The Limbus

It is highly vascularized

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10
Q

Name the layers of the cornea

A 
Corneal epithelium 
Bowman's membrane 
Corneal stroma 
Descemet's membrane 
Corneal Endothelium
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11
Q

Corneal Epithelium

A

Stratified, nonkeratinized squamous epithelium (5-6 layers)

High mitotic activity in the basal layer (Turnover = 1 week)

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12
Q

Bowman’s membrane

A

Acellular layer separated epithelium from stroma

Randomly arranged collagen fibers

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13
Q

Corneal Stroma

A

Thin layers of ordered arrays of collagen fibers

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14
Q

Descement’s membrane

A

Acellular layer of collagen bundles

Separates stroma from endothelium

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15
Q

Corneal endothelium

A

Single layer of large squamous cells

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16
Q

Choroid (Part of the Vascular Tunic)

A

Extends anterior to ora serrata of the retina
Highly vascularized with loose CT
Bruch’s (glassy) membrane

17
Q

Describe the highly vascularized loose connective tissue of the choroid

A

Forms choriocapillary network - contains small BVs that supply cells of the retina
Provides nutrients to outer layers of the retina
Consists of medium & large arteries & veins as well as a wide-bore capillary network
Contains melanocytes

18
Q

Describe Bruch’s (glassy) membrane of the choroid

A

Acellular fused basal laminae of choriocapillaries and pigmented retinal epithelium

19
Q

Ciliary body (Part of the Vascular Tunic)

A

Wedge-shaped expansion of choroid peripheral to the lens
Covered by a double layer of cells
Suspensory ligaments (of Zinn) extend to just behind lens equator and anchor the lens in place
Ciliary muscles

20
Q

Describe the double layer of cells in the ciliary body

A

Innermost layer is continuous with the pigmented layer of the retina
Surface layer is from the sensory layer of the retina
Produces aqueous humor

21
Q

Describe the ciliary muscles of the ciliary body

A

Smooth muscle mass that changes the shape of the lens

Innervated by parasympathetic neurons

22
Q

Ciliary muscles and accommodation:

A

One group of muscles is responsible for flattening the lens

A second group of muscles is responsible for allowing the lens to become thicker

23
Q

Describe the nonpigmented surface layer of cells of the ciliary body

A

Produce aqueous humor
Basal infoldings
Secrete aqueous humor into posterior chamber

24
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Percolates through trabecular mashwork

Flows into canal of Schlemm

25
Q

Iris (Part of the Vascular Tunic)

A

Located anterior to the lens and separates the anterior and posterior chambers
Angle
Surround Pupil
Double layer of epithelium
Melanocytes - the more melanocytes, the darker

26
Q

Describe the Angle of the Iris

A

Formed at lateral borders of the anterior chamber
Loos CT
Part of the passageway of aqueous humor

27
Q

Describe the double layer of epithelium of the Iris

A

Inner layer = pigmented epithelial cells
Outer layer of radially oriented myofilaments - dilator pupillae muscle, sympathetic innervation, dilate pupil
Concentric layer of myofilaments - constricts pupil, parasympathetic innervation

28
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the retina?

A

Photosensitive region that lies posterior to the ora serrata

Non-photosensitive region that lies anterior to the ora serrata

29
Q

Describe the photosensitive region of the retina

A

Optic Disc

Fovea Centralis

30
Q

Optic disc of photosensitive region of retina

A

Region on posterior aspect of eye where optic nerve exits

Has no photosensitive retina & constitutes the blind spot

31
Q

Fovea centralis of photosensitive region of retina

A

About 2.5 mm lateral to optic disc
Contains yellow pigment = macula lutea
Contains only cone-type photoreceptors
Area of most acute vision

32
Q

Describe the non-photosensitive region of the retina

A

Consists of two cell layers covering iris, ciliary body, and ciliary processes

33
Q

What are the chambers of the eye?

A

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreal chamber

34
Q

Anterior chamber

A

Posterior to cornea and anterior to iris

35
Q

Posterior Chamber

A

Posterior to iris and anterior to lens

36
Q

Vitreal Chamber

A

Posterior to lens
Contains vitreous body
Gelatinous mass made up of 99% water, hyaluronic acid, and vitrein
Hyaloid canal is the site of fetal artery

37
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure due to compromised drainage of aqueous humor from anterior chamber

Whitney - Histology Test 2 (11 decks)

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