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Whitney - Histology Test 2 > Lecture 14 Osteogenesis and Joints > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Osteogenesis and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Intramembranous Bone Formation

A

Review Slides

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2
Q

What signals control aggregation of mesenchymal cells?

A

Wnt, Hedghog, FGF, TGF-beta

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3
Q

What is the blastema?

A

Secreted osteoid with trapped osteoblasts

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4
Q

What cells form a functional syncytium?

A

Osteocytes

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5
Q

Osteoid contains what type of collagen and what type of proteins?

A

Collagen I Non-collagen proteins

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6
Q

What type of bone is initial bone?

A

Woven bone

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7
Q

When does bone become lamellar bone?

A

When the collagen fibers align

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8
Q

Lamellae may become symmetrically arranged around a blood vessel forming an _____

A

osteon or Haversian system

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9
Q

Membrane bone usually consists of two layers of _____ bone enclosing a layer of _____ bone

A

compact, spongy This is called diploe

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10
Q

In endochondral bone formation, what happens to the cartilage?

A

It is REPLACED by bone Review slide 16 for more info on endochondral bone formation

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11
Q

Where does endochondral bone formation occur?

A

Hyaline cartilage model

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12
Q

4 zones of endochondral bone formation

A

Reserve zone Proliferation zone Hypertrophic zone Vascular invasion zone

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13
Q

List the steps of Endochondral Bone Formation

A

See slides

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14
Q

What do hypertrophic chondrocytes do?

A

Form calcifies matrix Synthesize type X collagen Secrete vascular endothelial GF Signal perichondrial cells to become osteoblasts

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15
Q

What stimulates proliferation and prevents hypertrophy?

A

Indian Hedgehog (ihh)

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16
Q

Define Joint

A

Where two bones come together

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17
Q

Name the three types of joints

A

Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses) Fibrous joints (synarthroses) Synovial joints (diarthroses)

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18
Q

Describe how cartilaginous joints are joined and the two types

A

Bones are joined by hyaline or fibrocartilage Two types: Symphysis and Synchondrosis

19
Q

Describe Symphysis and give example

A

Joined by fibrocartilage Example: intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

20
Q

Describe Synchondrosis and give example

A

Joined by hyaline cartilage Example: epiphyseal plates and first sternocostal joint

21
Q

Describe how fibrous joints are joined and the three types

A

Bones are joined by collagenous and/or elastic fibrous CT Types: Suture, Gomphosis, and Syndesmosis

22
Q

Give an example of Suture

A

Joints between the bones of the calvaria

23
Q

Give an example of Gomphosis

A

“peg-in-socket” joint such as teeth in the alveoli

24
Q

Give an example of Syndesmosis

A

Joined by interosseous fibrous membrane such as the fibrous membrane between the tibia and fibula

25
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Movable joins exemplified by a connective capsule surrounding a fluid-filled joint space

26
Q

What reinforces synovial joints?

A

Thickenings of the outer part of the capsule = ligaments

27
Q

What do ligaments stabilize?

A

The capsule and the joint

28
Q

What is responsible for the control and restriction of direction and range of motion?

A

Ligaments

29
Q

Joints allowing movement in one plane are said to be:

A

monaxial

30
Q

Joints allowing movement in two planes are said to be:

A

biaxial

31
Q

Joints allowing movement in three planes are said to be:

A

triaxial

32
Q

Examples of monaxial hinge joints

A

Humeroulnar and Knee Joints

33
Q

Examples of monaxial pivot joints

A

Atlantoaxial and radioulnar joints

34
Q

Examples of biaxial condyloid joints

A

Metacarpophalangeal and Atlantooccipital joints Saddle joints

35
Q

Saddle (sellaris) joint

A

biaxial Exemplified by the first carpometacarpal joint

36
Q

Examples of triaxial joints

A

Ball and socket joints such as the glenohumeral and the femoroacetabular joints

37
Q

How are ligaments attached?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

38
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Dialysate located in the synovial cavity

39
Q

Describe the articular cartilage of the synovial joint

A

Hyaline cartilage Lacks perichondrium Not lined by synovial membrane

40
Q

Describe the joint capsule of the synovial joint

A

Vascularized dense CT Lined by synovial membrane Attached to edges of articular cartilage

41
Q

Describe the synovial membrane of the synovial joint

A

Highly vascularized (fenestrated capillaries) 1-3 layers of synovial cells No basal lamina

42
Q

Describe the synovial fluid of the synovial joint

A

Contains mucin (hyaluronic acid-protein complex) Produced by synovial cells

43
Q

What are the two types of synovial cells?

A

Type A: macrophage-like Type B: Fibroblast-like

44
Q

Identify the slide and the labeled areas

A

Fetal Finger

A: Zone of ossification

B: Zone of hypertrophy

C: Zone of calcification

Whitney - Histology Test 2 (11 decks)

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