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Whitney - Histology Test 2 > Lecture 13 Bone and Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Bone and Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major classes of cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

The three major classes of cartilage are based on what characteristics?

A

Their matrix, especially the types of fibers

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3
Q

What are the two types of cartilage cells?

A

Chondroblasts Chondrocytes

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4
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix of cartilage?

A

Collagen fibers (usually type II; Type I in fibrocartilage) Amorphous ground substance

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5
Q

Name the functions of Cartilage (6)

A

Compressible Resists distortion Absorbs shock in joints Reduces friction in movable joints Necessary for endochondral bone growth Involved in bone fracture repair

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6
Q

What is the function of a chondroblast?

A

Lay down cartilage matrix and become chondrocytes

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7
Q

What is the function of a chondrocyte?

A

Maintain cartilage matrix

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8
Q

What are Lacunae?

A

Pockets within the matrix where the chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found

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9
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular - Slow to heal - Nutrients and oxygen derived from BV’s that surround cartilage

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10
Q

What are the layers of the Perichondrium?

A

Outer fibrous layer Inner chondrogenic layer

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11
Q

What makes up the outer fibrous layer of the perichondrium?

A

Fibroblasts

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12
Q

What makes up the inner chondrogenic layer?

A

Gives rise to chondroblasts, which become chondrocytes Chondrocyte is involved in production of collagen and proteoglycans in the matrix. Also secrete chondronectin

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13
Q

What is an isogenous group and what is it the result of?

A

Group of 2-8 chondrocytes occupying the same lacunae Result of mitotic division

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14
Q

What are the components of the cartilage matrix?

A

Collagen type II (type I in fibrocartilage) Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) Chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, Heparin sulfate GAGs

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15
Q

What is the name of the matrix that surrounds each chondrocyte and what is its content?

A

Territorial matrix High GAG content; low collagen content

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16
Q

What is the tame of the matrix that surrounds the territorial matrix and what is its content?

A

Inter-territorial matrix Low GAG content; high collagen content

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17
Q

Name the characteristics of Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common type Avascular Type II collagen Surrounded by perichondrium Translucent, bluish gray to white Solid but flexible Chondrocytes ofter found in cell groups Both appositional and interstitial growth

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18
Q

Name locations of hyaline cartilage

A

External auditory meatus Larynx Tracheal Cartilages Bronchial Cartilages Fetal Long Bones Articular Ends of Bones

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19
Q

Identify the Following

A

A: Fibrous perichondrium

B: Chondrogenic perichondrium

C: Lacuna

D: Chondrocytes

E: Matrix

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20
Q

Name the Characteristcs of Elastic Cartilage

A

Specialized by the addition of elastic fibers to the matrix

Surrounded by perichondrium

Yellow color b/c of elastic fibers

More Opaque, Flexible, and Elastic than Hyaline

Chondrocytes mostly located singly

Type II collagen plus elastic

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21
Q

Where can Elastic Cartilage be found?

A

Auricle (pinna) of the ear

Epiglottis

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22
Q

Name the Characteristics of Fibrocartilage

A

Increased collagen in the matrix

Reduced cellularity compared to hyaline

Not surrounded by perichondrium

Opaque appearance from fibrous texture

Type I collagen

Single sparse chondrocytes

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23
Q

Where can Fibrocartilage be found?

A

Intervertebral discs

Pubic symphysis

Insertion of some tendons and ligaments

Closely associated with dense CT or hyaline

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24
Q

Identify the Image

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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25
Q

Identify the Image

A

Hyaline Cartilage

26
Q

Identify the Image

A

Hyaline Cartilage

27
Q

Identify the Image

A

Hyaline Cartilage

28
Q

Identify the Image

A

Elastic Cartilage

29
Q

Identify the Image

A

Elastic Cartilage

30
Q

Identify the Image

A

Fibrocartilage

31
Q

Identify the Image

A

FIbrocartilage

32
Q

Name the Characteristics of Bone

A

Canalicular system

Highly Vascular

Appositional Growth of Hyaline Cartilage

Continuously resorbed, reconstructed, and remodeled

Formed by osteoblasts which become osteocytes

33
Q

What are the two major components of the bone matrix?

A

Organic component - Osteoid

Inorganic component - Hydroxyapatite

34
Q

Name the three types of bone

A

Woven Bone (development & bone repair)

Compact Bone (lamellar bone)

Spongy Bone (trabecular or cancellous bone)

35
Q

Characteristics of Compact Bone

A

Lacks cavities and forms dense plate

Concentric (Haversian) lamellae

Haversian system

Canaliculi

Volkmann’s canals

36
Q

What is a Haverisan System (aka Osteon)?

A

Consists of concentric (Haversian) lamellae which encircle a central blood vessel (and associated nerves)

37
Q

What is the function canaliculi?

A

Connect osteocytes that are located in lacunae in between lamellae to each other and to the Haversian canal

38
Q

What is a Volkmann’s canal?

A

A canal that runs perpendicular to the Haversian cannals and connects the Haversian canals to each other and to the surface of the bone

39
Q

Name the Characteristics of Trabecular (Spongy) Bone

A

3-D lattice of branching, bony spicules intertwined to form trabeculae surrounding the bone marrow spaces in the long and flat bones

40
Q

Label the Image Below

A

A: Fibrous Periosteum

B: Osteogenic Periosteum

C: Lacuna

D: Lamellae

E: Canaliculus

F: Haversian Canal

G: Volkman Canal

41
Q

What are Osteoprogenitor Cells

A

Cells derived from mesenchyme of the embryonic somite and possess mitotic potential

These cells give rise to osteoblasts and bone linig cells

“bone lining cells”

42
Q

Where can you find osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Inner portion of the periosteum, in the endosteum, and lining vascular canals of compact bone

43
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

Cells derived from osteoblasts and trapped by the matrix they secrete

44
Q

Where are Osteoclast Cells derived from?

A

Derived from monocyte lineage, which is dervied from the monocyte precursors in bone marrrow

45
Q

Where are Osteoblast cells derived from?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

46
Q

What is the primary regulator of bone turnover?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

47
Q

When is bone formation by osteoblasts stimulated?

A

At low PTH levels

48
Q

What happens when PTH levels are high?

A

The osteoblast is stimulated to release osteoclast-differentiation factors

Elevated levels result in eroded bone and fibrosis of the resulting spaces

49
Q

Osteoblast Regulation of Osteoclast Formation

50
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fibrocartilage?

a. Type II Collagen
b. Not surrounded by a perichondrium
c. Found in intervertebral discs
d. Increased collagen in the matrix
e. Neither A nor B are characteristics

A

a. Type II collagen is not found in fibrocartilage

51
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the Haversian system?

a. periosteum
b. lacunae
c. lamellae
d. Volkmann’s canals
e. canaliculi

A

a. Periosteum

52
Q

Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblasts to secrete/express which of the following?

a. osteoprotegerin
b. M-CSF
c. RANKL
d. all of the above
e. only B and C

A

e. only B and C

53
Q

Identify the tissue

A

Cancellous Bone

54
Q

Identify the tissue

A

Cancellous Bone

55
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Cancellous Bone

56
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Developing Membrane Bone

57
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Developing Membrane Bone

58
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Developing Membrane Bone

59
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Compact or Lamellar bone

60
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Compact or lamallar bone

61
Q

Identify the tissue

A

Compact or lamaller bone

62
Q

Identify the tissue

A

Compact or lamellar bone

Whitney - Histology Test 2 (11 decks)

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