Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Whitney - Histology Test 2 > Lecture 13 Bone and Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Bone and Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major classes of cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The three major classes of cartilage are based on what characteristics?

A

Their matrix, especially the types of fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of cartilage cells?

A

Chondroblasts Chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix of cartilage?

A

Collagen fibers (usually type II; Type I in fibrocartilage) Amorphous ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the functions of Cartilage (6)

A

Compressible Resists distortion Absorbs shock in joints Reduces friction in movable joints Necessary for endochondral bone growth Involved in bone fracture repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of a chondroblast?

A

Lay down cartilage matrix and become chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of a chondrocyte?

A

Maintain cartilage matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Lacunae?

A

Pockets within the matrix where the chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular - Slow to heal - Nutrients and oxygen derived from BV’s that surround cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the layers of the Perichondrium?

A

Outer fibrous layer Inner chondrogenic layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What makes up the outer fibrous layer of the perichondrium?

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What makes up the inner chondrogenic layer?

A

Gives rise to chondroblasts, which become chondrocytes Chondrocyte is involved in production of collagen and proteoglycans in the matrix. Also secrete chondronectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an isogenous group and what is it the result of?

A

Group of 2-8 chondrocytes occupying the same lacunae Result of mitotic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the components of the cartilage matrix?

A

Collagen type II (type I in fibrocartilage) Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) Chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, Heparin sulfate GAGs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the matrix that surrounds each chondrocyte and what is its content?

A

Territorial matrix High GAG content; low collagen content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the tame of the matrix that surrounds the territorial matrix and what is its content?

A

Inter-territorial matrix Low GAG content; high collagen content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the characteristics of Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common type Avascular Type II collagen Surrounded by perichondrium Translucent, bluish gray to white Solid but flexible Chondrocytes ofter found in cell groups Both appositional and interstitial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name locations of hyaline cartilage

A

External auditory meatus Larynx Tracheal Cartilages Bronchial Cartilages Fetal Long Bones Articular Ends of Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Identify the Following

A

A: Fibrous perichondrium

B: Chondrogenic perichondrium

C: Lacuna

D: Chondrocytes

E: Matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the Characteristcs of Elastic Cartilage

A

Specialized by the addition of elastic fibers to the matrix

Surrounded by perichondrium

Yellow color b/c of elastic fibers

More Opaque, Flexible, and Elastic than Hyaline

Chondrocytes mostly located singly

Type II collagen plus elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where can Elastic Cartilage be found?

A

Auricle (pinna) of the ear

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name the Characteristics of Fibrocartilage

A

Increased collagen in the matrix

Reduced cellularity compared to hyaline

Not surrounded by perichondrium

Opaque appearance from fibrous texture

Type I collagen

Single sparse chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where can Fibrocartilage be found?

A

Intervertebral discs

Pubic symphysis

Insertion of some tendons and ligaments

Closely associated with dense CT or hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Identify the Image

A

Hyaline Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Identify the Image

A

Hyaline Cartilage

26
Q

Identify the Image

A

Hyaline Cartilage

27
Q

Identify the Image

A

Hyaline Cartilage

28
Q

Identify the Image

A

Elastic Cartilage

29
Q

Identify the Image

A

Elastic Cartilage

30
Q

Identify the Image

A

Fibrocartilage

31
Q

Identify the Image

A

FIbrocartilage

32
Q

Name the Characteristics of Bone

A

Canalicular system

Highly Vascular

Appositional Growth of Hyaline Cartilage

Continuously resorbed, reconstructed, and remodeled

Formed by osteoblasts which become osteocytes

33
Q

What are the two major components of the bone matrix?

A

Organic component - Osteoid

Inorganic component - Hydroxyapatite

34
Q

Name the three types of bone

A

Woven Bone (development & bone repair)

Compact Bone (lamellar bone)

Spongy Bone (trabecular or cancellous bone)

35
Q

Characteristics of Compact Bone

A

Lacks cavities and forms dense plate

Concentric (Haversian) lamellae

Haversian system

Canaliculi

Volkmann’s canals

36
Q

What is a Haverisan System (aka Osteon)?

A

Consists of concentric (Haversian) lamellae which encircle a central blood vessel (and associated nerves)

37
Q

What is the function canaliculi?

A

Connect osteocytes that are located in lacunae in between lamellae to each other and to the Haversian canal

38
Q

What is a Volkmann’s canal?

A

A canal that runs perpendicular to the Haversian cannals and connects the Haversian canals to each other and to the surface of the bone

39
Q

Name the Characteristics of Trabecular (Spongy) Bone

A

3-D lattice of branching, bony spicules intertwined to form trabeculae surrounding the bone marrow spaces in the long and flat bones

40
Q

Label the Image Below

A

A: Fibrous Periosteum

B: Osteogenic Periosteum

C: Lacuna

D: Lamellae

E: Canaliculus

F: Haversian Canal

G: Volkman Canal

41
Q

What are Osteoprogenitor Cells

A

Cells derived from mesenchyme of the embryonic somite and possess mitotic potential

These cells give rise to osteoblasts and bone linig cells

“bone lining cells”

42
Q

Where can you find osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Inner portion of the periosteum, in the endosteum, and lining vascular canals of compact bone

43
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

Cells derived from osteoblasts and trapped by the matrix they secrete

44
Q

Where are Osteoclast Cells derived from?

A

Derived from monocyte lineage, which is dervied from the monocyte precursors in bone marrrow

45
Q

Where are Osteoblast cells derived from?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

46
Q

What is the primary regulator of bone turnover?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

47
Q

When is bone formation by osteoblasts stimulated?

A

At low PTH levels

48
Q

What happens when PTH levels are high?

A

The osteoblast is stimulated to release osteoclast-differentiation factors

Elevated levels result in eroded bone and fibrosis of the resulting spaces

49
Q

Osteoblast Regulation of Osteoclast Formation

A
50
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fibrocartilage?

a. Type II Collagen
b. Not surrounded by a perichondrium
c. Found in intervertebral discs
d. Increased collagen in the matrix
e. Neither A nor B are characteristics

A

a. Type II collagen is not found in fibrocartilage

51
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the Haversian system?

a. periosteum
b. lacunae
c. lamellae
d. Volkmann’s canals
e. canaliculi

A

a. Periosteum

52
Q

Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblasts to secrete/express which of the following?

a. osteoprotegerin
b. M-CSF
c. RANKL
d. all of the above
e. only B and C

A

e. only B and C

53
Q

Identify the tissue

A

Cancellous Bone

54
Q

Identify the tissue

A

Cancellous Bone

55
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Cancellous Bone

56
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Developing Membrane Bone

57
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Developing Membrane Bone

58
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Developing Membrane Bone

59
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Compact or Lamellar bone

60
Q

Identify the Tissue

A

Compact or lamallar bone

61
Q

Identify the tissue

A

Compact or lamaller bone

62
Q

Identify the tissue

A

Compact or lamellar bone

Whitney - Histology Test 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions