Lecture 20 Pathology of CNS 1

Question 1

Autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

Automatic, involuntary

Question 2

Somatic nervous system?

Answer 2

Skeletal muscles, voluntary

Question 3

What are the meninges role?

Answer 3

protective function and inportant in cerebrospinal fluid production

Question 4

Meninges from outside to inside?

Answer 4

Dura, acachnoid and pia mater

Question 5

What do the cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 5

A defined territory within the cerebral cortex

Question 6

What can an increased intracranial pressure lead to?

Answer 6

Herniation (part of brain moves from one compartment of skull to another)

Question 7

Where is the vomiting centre?

Answer 7

Medulla oblongata

Question 8

What are the parts of the spinal cord top to bottom

Answer 8

Cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5) and 1 coccygeal

Question 9

What is the function of glial cells?

Answer 9

support neurons.

Question 10

What are schwann cells and two types?

Answer 10

Forms mylin sheath. Astrocyte and oligodendrocytes

Question 11

What does the pre-central gyrus involve?

Answer 11

motor cortex

Question 12

What does the post-central gyrus involve?

Answer 12

sensory contrex

Question 13

Where is the broca’s area and what does it do?

Answer 13

Frontal lob. Speech procduction

Question 14

Where is the Wernicke’s area and what does it do?

Answer 14

Temporal lobe. Speech processing and comprehension

Question 15

Damage to spinal cord at a specific levelwill cause?

Answer 15

A loss of function of spinal nerves below that level

Question 16

What are focal neurological signs?

Answer 16

Set of symptoms or signs where cause is localised to specific site in CNS

Question 17

What is a generalised neurological abnormality?

Answer 17

An alteration in level of consciousness

Question 18

If anosmia what part of brain injured?

Answer 18

Frontal lobe

Question 19

If inappropriate emotions which part of brain is injured?

Answer 19

Frontal lobe

Question 20

If expressive dysphasia which part of brain is injured?

Answer 20

Frontal lobe (broca’s area)

Question 21

If motor impairment which part of brain is injured?

Answer 21

Frontal lobe

Question 22

If receptive dysphasia which part of brain is injured?

Answer 22

Parietal or temporal lobe

Question 23

If sensory impairment which part of brain is injured?

Answer 23

Parietal lobe

Question 24

If cortical deafness which part of brain is injured?

Answer 24

Temporal lobe

Question 25

What does frontal lobe control?

Answer 25

Emotional reactions, mortor cotex, generation of fluent speech (Broca’s area)

Question 26

What does the parietal lobe control?

Answer 26

Sensory info (has sensory cortex)

Question 27

What does the temporal lobe control?

Answer 27

Language, has auditory cortex, comprehension

Question 28

What is receptive dysphasia?

Answer 28

Difficulty in comprehension

Question 29

What is dysphasia?

Answer 29

Difficulting in putting words together

Question 30

Signs limited to a single dermatome or nerve root suggests?

Answer 30

Either a focal nerve root injury or injury to a peripheral nerve

Question 31

Complete paralysis of body and legs with maintained head and neck movement is caused by?

Answer 31

injury to cervical spine

Question 32

What dose a diffused neurological injury manifest as and what is it due to?

Answer 32

Impaired consciousness and due to intracranical pressure.

Question 33

What can cause a reduce in consciousness?

Answer 33

Trauma (obvious). Hypoxia, hypothermia (identified through basic obs). Hypo/hyperglycaemia, post epilepitic (require clinical history).

Question 34

What is the best GCS most response, verbal response, eye opening?

Answer 34

Obeys commands, orientated to time/place/person. Spontaneous eye opening