Lecture 20 Pathology of CNS 1 Flashcards
Autonomic nervous system?
Automatic, involuntary
Somatic nervous system?
Skeletal muscles, voluntary
What are the meninges role?
protective function and inportant in cerebrospinal fluid production
Meninges from outside to inside?
Dura, acachnoid and pia mater
What do the cerebral arteries supply?
A defined territory within the cerebral cortex
What can an increased intracranial pressure lead to?
Herniation (part of brain moves from one compartment of skull to another)
Where is the vomiting centre?
Medulla oblongata
What are the parts of the spinal cord top to bottom
Cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5) and 1 coccygeal
What is the function of glial cells?
support neurons.
What are schwann cells and two types?
Forms mylin sheath. Astrocyte and oligodendrocytes
What does the pre-central gyrus involve?
motor cortex
What does the post-central gyrus involve?
sensory contrex
Where is the broca’s area and what does it do?
Frontal lob. Speech procduction
Where is the Wernicke’s area and what does it do?
Temporal lobe. Speech processing and comprehension
Damage to spinal cord at a specific levelwill cause?
A loss of function of spinal nerves below that level
What are focal neurological signs?
Set of symptoms or signs where cause is localised to specific site in CNS
What is a generalised neurological abnormality?
An alteration in level of consciousness
If anosmia what part of brain injured?
Frontal lobe
If inappropriate emotions which part of brain is injured?
Frontal lobe
If expressive dysphasia which part of brain is injured?
Frontal lobe (broca’s area)
If motor impairment which part of brain is injured?
Frontal lobe
If receptive dysphasia which part of brain is injured?
Parietal or temporal lobe
If sensory impairment which part of brain is injured?
Parietal lobe
If cortical deafness which part of brain is injured?
Temporal lobe
What does frontal lobe control?
Emotional reactions, mortor cotex, generation of fluent speech (Broca’s area)
What does the parietal lobe control?
Sensory info (has sensory cortex)
What does the temporal lobe control?
Language, has auditory cortex, comprehension
What is receptive dysphasia?
Difficulty in comprehension
What is dysphasia?
Difficulting in putting words together
Signs limited to a single dermatome or nerve root suggests?
Either a focal nerve root injury or injury to a peripheral nerve
Complete paralysis of body and legs with maintained head and neck movement is caused by?
injury to cervical spine
What dose a diffused neurological injury manifest as and what is it due to?
Impaired consciousness and due to intracranical pressure.
What can cause a reduce in consciousness?
Trauma (obvious). Hypoxia, hypothermia (identified through basic obs). Hypo/hyperglycaemia, post epilepitic (require clinical history).
What is the best GCS most response, verbal response, eye opening?
Obeys commands, orientated to time/place/person. Spontaneous eye opening
