Lecture 20: Eye Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the eyelid?

A

Protects the eye

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2
Q

What is the function of tarsal glands?

A

Special sebaceous glands that produce meibum to prevent evaporation of of tears

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3
Q

What can blocked tarsal glands lead to?

A

Chalazion

Lump on eyelid

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4
Q

What can blocked sebaceous glands in the eyelashes lead to?

A

Stye

Near eyelash follicles

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5
Q

What do lacrimal glands do?

A

Produce tears

Made from tubuloacinar serous glands

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6
Q

What is the conjunctiva that lines the outermost part of the eyeball?

A

Bulbar (ocular) Conjunctiva

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7
Q

What is the conjunctiva that lines the innermost part of the eyelids?

A

Palpebral Conjunctiva

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8
Q

What is the anterior chamber between?

A

Between Cornea and Iris

Filled with aqueous humor

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9
Q

What is the posterior chamber between?

A

Between Iris/Pupil and Lens (small)

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10
Q

What is vitreous chamber between?

A

Lens and neural retina

Filled with vitreous humor to maintain shape

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11
Q

What structures compose the fibrous (external) layer of the eye?

A
  • Sclera: supports eye and protects internal structure
  • Cornea: protects anterior surface of eye and refracts light
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12
Q

What are the five layers of the cornea, anterior to posterior?

A
  1. Corneal Epithelium: nonkeratinized statified squamous
  2. Bowman’s Membrane: anterior basement membrane
  3. Corneal Stroma: avuscular and 60 layers thick
  4. Descemet’s Membrane: posterior basement membrane
  5. Corneal Endothelium: faces anterior chamber
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13
Q

What is found in between the basement membrane and corneal epithelium?

A

Free Nerve Endings

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14
Q

What structures compose the vascular (middle) layer of the eye?

A
  • Choroid: supplies nourishment to retina
  • Ciliary Body
    • Ciliary Muscle: manages accomodation
    • Ciliary Processes: secretes aqueous humor and and forms suspensory ligaments oflens
  • Iris: controls light entering eye
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15
Q

What are the layers of the lens?

A
  • Capsule
  • Subcapsular Lens Epithelium
  • Lens Fibers
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16
Q

What is accommodation?

How is this accomplished?

A

Ciliary muscles adjust eyes to see objects at various distances

  • Distant objects: flatten lens
  • Neaby objects: rounded lens

Zonular fibers help lens change its shape

17
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Loss of lens elasticity with age

18
Q

What structures compose the internal layer of the eye?

A
  • Pigmented layer: absorbs light and serves as a blood-neural retinal barrier
  • Neural layer: where light is converted in nerve signals
19
Q

What is the optic disk?

A

Blind spot in retina where optic nerves from ganglion layer exit eye

20
Q

What are the layers of the retina?

A
  • Retinal Pigmented Layer (most posterior)
  • Photoreceptor Layer: Rods and Cones
  • Outer Limiting Layer
  • Outer Nuclear Layer
  • Outer Plexiform Layer
  • Inner Nuclear Layer
  • Inner Plexiform Layer
  • Ganglion Layer
  • Optic Nerve Fiber Layer
  • Inner Limiting Membrane: Muller Cells
21
Q

What is fovea centralis?

A

Highest concentration of cones with the sharpest visual acuity

22
Q

What is the macula lutea?

A

Surrounds fovea and protects cone

23
Q

What does the optic nerve penetrate to travel to the brain?

A

Choroid and sclera