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Year 1: 06. Neuro Exam 2 > Lab 1: Gross Brain > Flashcards

Lab 1: Gross Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the embryological origin of the brain?

A

Neuroectoderm

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2
Q

What is the embryological origin of the spinal cord?

A

Neuroectoderm

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3
Q

What is the embryological origin of the dura mater?

A

Paraxial Mesoderm

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4
Q

What is the embryological origin of the pia-arachnoid mater?

A

Neural Crest Cells

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5
Q

What are cisterns?

A

Openings of the subarachnoid space in the brain created by separations of the arachnoid and pia mater

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6
Q

Where is cisterna magna?

A

Between Cerebellum and Medulla

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7
Q

Where is pontine cistern?

A

Ventral surface of brainstem at junction of of pons and medulla

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8
Q

Where is interpeduncular cistern?

A

Between two cerebral peduncles

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9
Q

Where is quadrigeminal cistern?

A

Between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the superior surface of the cerebellum

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10
Q

What is the foramen of Magendie?

A

Communication between fourth ventricle and Cisterna Magna

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11
Q

What is the foramen of Luschka?

A

Communication between fourth ventricle and pontine cistern

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12
Q

What is arachnoid villi/granulations?

A

Transfers CSF back to blood via venous sinuses

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13
Q

What does the olive in the medulla do?

A

Relay center from telencephalon to cerebellum

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14
Q

Where can glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves be found?

A

Postolivary sulcus: behind olive

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15
Q

What composes the cerebellum?

A

Two lateral hemispheres

Midline Vermis

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16
Q

What are the folds on the cerebellum called?

A

Folia

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17
Q

What is another name for Cerebral peduncles?

A

Crus Cerebri

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18
Q

What is the superior colliculus a reflex center for?

A

Sight

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19
Q

What is the inferior colliculus a reflex center for?

A

Hearing

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20
Q

Where are the superior and inferior colliculi found?

A

Dorsal surface of midbrain

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21
Q

Where is the diencephalon located?

A

Between midbrain (mesencephalon) and cerebrum (telencephalon)

22
Q

What forms the caudal portion of hypothalamus and is rostral to the infundibular stalk of the pituitary gland?

A

Mammillary Bodies

23
Q

The optic nerves belong to which part of the brain?

A

Diencephalon

24
Q

Where do optic tracts terminate?

A

Lateral Geniculate Body

25
Q

What are the boundaries of the frontal lobe?

A

Posterior: Central Sulcus
Inferior: Lateral Sulcus

26
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Precentral Gyrus of the Frontal Lobe

27
Q

What are the boundaries of the occipital lobe?

A

Anterior: Parieto-occipital sulcus
Lateral: Preoccipital notch (between occipital and temporal lobe, superior to cerebellum)

28
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex?

A

Postcentral gyrus of Parietal Lobe

29
Q

Where is insula located?

A

Deep to lateral sulcus

30
Q

What are the flaps that cover the insula called?

A

Operculum

31
Q

What two pairs of arteries supply the brain?

A

Internal Carotid Arteries

Vertebral Arteries

32
Q

What branch of the vertebral artery is found in the lower part of the medulla?

A

Posterior Spinal Artery

33
Q

What artery arises medially from the vertebral artery and unites on ventral surface of medulla?

A

Anterior Spinal Artery

34
Q

What do the two vertebral arteries form into at the pons?

A

Basilar Artery

35
Q

What does the labyrinthine artery supply?

A

Internal Auditory structures

36
Q

What does the basilar artery bifurcate into?

A

Posterior Cerebral Arteries

37
Q

How does the basilar artery communicate with internal carotid arteries?

A

Posterior communicating arteries

38
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery give off?

What does it supply?

A

Anterior Choroidal Artery and Lenticulostriate Arteries

-supply deep structures of cerebrum

39
Q

What does the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Lower surface of temporal lobe

Medial surface of occipital lobe

40
Q

What does the middle cerebral arteries supply?

A

Lateral part of cerebral hemisphere

41
Q

What does the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Medial part of cerebral hemisphere

Superior portion of lateral surface of frontal and parietal lobes

42
Q

Where do the veins of the brain drain into?

A

Dural Sinuses

43
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain to?

What vein drains the sinus?

A

Transverse Sinus

Superior Cerebral Veins

44
Q

Where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain to?

A

Straight Sinus

45
Q

Where does the Great Cerebral Vein drain to?

A

Straight Sinus

46
Q

What are the boundaries of the fourth ventricle?

A

Roof: Superior Medullary Velum and Cerebellum
Lateral: Superior Cerebellar Peduncles
Floor: Striae Medullares of thalamus (superior) and medulla (inferior)

47
Q

What structures can you see in the floor of the fourth ventricle (rhomboid fossa)?

A

Median Sulcus

Sulcus Limitans: separates motor and sensory nuclei

48
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Connects 3rd and 4th ventricle

49
Q

What are the boundaries of the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Posterior: Tectal Plate (where superior and inferior colliculi sit)
Anterior: Tegmentum

50
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle?

A

Dorsal thalamus

51
Q

The thalamus contains nuclei of which pathway to the cerebral cortex?

A

Sensory Pathway

Year 1: 06. Neuro Exam 2 (28 decks)

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