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Sociological Perspectives > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

How is the family defined?

A

Socially conditioned rules for thinking
about family relationships

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2
Q

What is the family?

A

Kinship Systems

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3
Q

How are relatives different in each culture?

A

The rights and responsibilities
associated with different types of
relatives differ from place to place
- How do we define which relative we are close to? Do I skip aunts wedding for 5th cousins?

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4
Q

Central issues in every culture (family)?

A

Who can we marry ? Whom we owe
respect ?

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5
Q

What Is the Family defined as?

A

Families are groups of people related by birth, affinity or cohabitation.
● Definitions of what constitutes a family have changed over time.

● Family household generally refers to a group of people who share a relationship by blood, marriage or legal adoption
living together.

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6
Q

What do Kinship
Matrilineal/Patrilineal Societies determine?

A

Several generations living in the same arrangment, are they from moms side or dads side

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7
Q

What is the Nuclear Family?

A

Monogamy
● All of the eggs in one basket
● Financial relations, intimacy, sexuality, child-rearing
● Very intense relations between two generations (parent - child)

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8
Q

How are family structures changing over time?

A

● Families in Canada are going through significant changes

● These changes reflect changing norms and expectations surrounding the family, marriage, and children.

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9
Q

What is Deinstitutionalization of Marriage?

A

rules and norms around marriage are changing, and people are more critical of marriage’s role in society

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10
Q

Explain the five main ways marriage is becoming deinstitutionalized?

A
  1. Fewer people are getting married, choosing instead to remain single or cohabitate
  2. role individuals in couples play in modern society are increasingly questioned.
    ● We no longer assume men are the breadwinners and women stay at home.
  3. Norms surrounding children are changing.
    ● In the past having children in a marriage was the only acceptable route to parenting.
    ● Today, many people are single parents and many unmarried couples have children
  4. Rise in divorce rates .
    ● Individuals are choosing to leave bad marriages if necessary (also less religious pressure)
  5. Diversity in forms of marriage are rising.
    ● There has been a rise in marriage between couples of different ethnic, class, and religious backgrounds (+ gay marriage)
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11
Q

What is the trend with marriage?

A

More common law and lone parent families

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12
Q

What is the trend in divorce rates?

A

Spike after no fault divorce, gradual falling now

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13
Q

What is divorce?

A

divorce is a legal process that ends a marriage. Therefore, divorce statistics do not cover the separations of married couples nor the dissolutions of common-law couples.
● Most married couples separate before filing for divorce, and some separated couples may never legally divorce

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14
Q

What are the Two key societal changes have contributed to the general decrease in the divorce rate observed
over the last three decades?

A
  1. Aging of the married population
  2. Lowered tendency to divorce among younger married adults in particular.
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15
Q

Why are younger people less likely to divorce?

A

A growing selectivity of marriage.
- Since less ppl marry, those who do might come from groups that value long lasting marriage

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16
Q

What are changes in marriage associated with?

A

larger societal changes.
● The rise in women’s rights has greatly impacted marriage as it has led to rising rates of university enrolment, graduation
and participation in the labour market.

● These changes are, in turn, related to lower levels of marriage, later age at first child, and a higher divorce rates.

17
Q

How does level of religiosity effect the family?

A

Religions are generally strong supporters of a traditional view of marriage and child-rearing.
● As religion’s influence in Canada declined, the country experienced higher rates of cohabitation without marriage, more children raised by unmarried parents, and a rise in divorce rates.

18
Q

What does Murdock (1949) say about family?

A

Family = Universal Unit

19
Q

What are the 4 functions of family?

A
  1. Economic-resources
    ● Male works in exchange to wages, females do domestic work
  2. Regulation of sexual activities
    ● Healthy sexual relations within marriage
  3. Education – primary socialization
    ● What are acceptable behaviours, languages, values, modelling gender behaviour
  4. Reproduction – producing next generations of society
    ● Families “cement” heterosexuality as a norm that is vital for reproduction
20
Q

According to Sex role theory, what is the role of the family?

A

men and women biologically suited to fill different functions and roles within the family and these are reinforced through gendered socialization

● Man - economic support and discipline in the householder.
● Women – expressive roles, nurturing and emphatic.

● Two central functions of families that cannot be filled by any other institutions (Primary socialization & Stabilization of adult personalities)

21
Q

What is The warmth bath theory?

A

Emotional security – worries are expressed and addressed in home and at the public sphere you are 100% present and productive.
● Playing with children to express your own infantility

Men do work in public, and come home to relax with wife catering to u

22
Q

What is the Conflict Approach to the family?

A

Families reinforce social inequality
● Parents shape opportunities available to their children
● Hierarchies within families
● Family dynamics have been a major source of gender inequality
● Most child abuse occurs within the family.
● Legally recognized marriages are granted special privileges
● Ex. Taxation, custody, surnames, heritage, adoption, fertility treatments

23
Q

How do Parents shape opportunities available to their children? (Lareau)

Working and Middle class

A
  1. Middle-class parents
    -Concerted cultivation
    -Sense of entitlement in institutional Setting
  2. Working class parents
    - Accomplishment of natural growth
    • Mistrust and discomfort in institutional
      settings
24
Q

What does Kim TallBear say about colonization of the family?

A

Monogamy and family structure was needed for Indigenous people to get land

  • State, Church, Science are central agents
    ● Forced marriage and monogamy
    ● Targeted non-binary people
    ● Native (similarly to black) women were targeted for hyper-sexuality and
    promiscuity
25
Q

Why does Kim TallBear say the Heterosexual couple is fetishised?

A

Hording love and sex (All in one relationship)

Heterosexual couple is not sustainable
● The idea of “Broken family”

Care as a base for family

26
Q

What is the main theme of Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas (2011) Promises I can keep : why poor women put motherhood before marriage?

A

Poor women seen as “undeserving” of children

27
Q

What is The Moynihan Report?

A

Civil liberty is not enough to improve the situation of the African Americans (their families are broken)
● Links racial inequality and poverty to African American family structure
● Absent fathers and women-headed households are leading for child poverty and many social problems

28
Q

What is the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act?

A

Ends federal welfare benefits for poor
people
● Sanctions federal funds for marriage
promotion

  • Care for citizens should happen in the family (not by the state)
29
Q

Why was marriage promoted as a way to reduce spending on welfare?

A

Idea: More ppl in good marriages = less spent on welfare (allow state cuts)

Marriage helps states to stabilize social reproduction
● Placing many activities into the private sphere
● Female spouse responsibility

Women who abuse pubic funds should marry the fathers of their
children

30
Q

What is the general view on poor women with children?

A

poor women should not have children they cannot support;

And that poor ppl don’t wanna marry

Out-of-Wedlock birth seen as personal failure

31
Q

What is the view of poor mothers on children?

A

● Marriage – luxury
● Children - a necessity, the chief source of identity and meaning

32
Q

(FEMINIST APPROACHES)

What is Liberal Feminism?

A

Importance of policies – female paid employment

Second-wave based

Importance on reform courts, work, gov’t)

Family = Positive (just need to be legally secured)

33
Q

(FEMINIST APPROACHES)

What is Marxist Feminist Critique?

A

How does capitalism shape the family unit

● Exploitative relations of capitalism -> Men are exploited for resources outside home

● ‘Unpaid Housework’ -> Reproducing next gen of workers

34
Q

(FEMINIST APPROACHES)

What are Radical Feminist approach?

A

Society is patriarchal: all social institutions are systematically structured to maintain male power over women.

Traditional family is essentially patriarchal and a key institution in female subordination

Male dominance in decision making

Public-Private Divide: Physical violence against women is hidden and sanctioned in the private sphere of home

Family: Abusive (physical, psychological, and sexual)

35
Q

According to the Marxist Feminist Critique, how are women part of the reserved army of labour?

A

Women work when economy booms and return to home when economy contracts or when men are unavailable like in times of war

36
Q

Theoretical perspectives on the institution of the family
Individualization Thesis
Anthony Giddens

A

changing patterns in family life :decline in marriage, rise in cohabitation, divorce, rise of re-constituted families

  • Focus on “the one”
  • In order to “be complete” you need more then just a functional family
37
Q

What is Risk Society? (on families)

A

Risk translates into our views about relationships
● Emotional risks lead to alternative approaches to life-long nuclear family

Marriage depends on emotional needs and not breadwinning or domestic care

38
Q
A

Sociological Perspectives (22 decks)

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