Lecture 16 Flashcards
What is Critical Race Theory? (three important parts)
(Ordinary, Important, and Crenshaw)
- Racism is ordinary and not an unusual part of society.
● We live in a society that is founded on racist ideologies, and racism is structurally embedded in our society. - Racism serves important purposes.
● Many people benefit from the racial hierarchies that exist in society. If we do not recognize how some people benefit from these systems, we cannot change them. - Intersectionality
Does Canada have a lot of Immigration?
Canada has one of the highest per capita immigration rates in the world,
● 21% of Canada’s population (7.7 million people) born outside the country in 201
What are the three immigration categories?
Economic
Family
Refugees
Economic - To work
Family - Coming over with family members (sponsored)
Refugees - Fleeing from harm
Which is the most used Immigration category in Canada? What does this mean?
Economic,
We treat people as deserving or not to come here
How is the Economic immigration system set up?
Points system
How has the type of immigrants shifted?
From Europe -> Asia mostly
What is Multiculturalism?
A doctrine that provides a political framework for the official promotion of cultural differences as an integral component of society.
Multiculturalism is based on the idea of ______?
pluralism,
the belief that conflict is a central feature of societies and that ethnicity is an essential aspect of individual identity and group behaviour.
● Individuals are encouraged to display and celebrate their ethnicity and
distinctness.
What did the Canadian Multiculturalism Act in 1988 do?
Federal assistance in “bringing about equal access and participation for all Canadians in the economic, social, cultural and political life of the nation.”
Issue with multicultural idea and economic immigration?
How much of a multicultural idea is sustainable w/ immigration being merit based (some deserve to come, others don’t)
What is sex?
Sex is a biological identity and can be divided into the main categories of male and female.
Is sex binary?
● Male/female binary
● The existence of middle-sex categories
● “Two-Spirited” people who have both a masculine and feminine spirit.
When was the first sex and gender
testing introduced into the Olympic
games?
When the concern was that sports turn
women into men
How can we tell someone’s sex?
DSDs: differences in sex development
What is the issue with using differences in sex development in determining someones sex?
Many genetic variations lead some experts to say it’s impossible to establish that everyone with a Y chromosome is a male and everyone without a Y chromosome is a
female
Imperfect Indicator
Are there differences in Sex?
● There are certainly biological differences between men and women
● Not as clear cut as they seem
Do sex differences explain gender-based social disparities?
Biological differences do not explain gender-based social disparities
● Biological differences do not explain expectations about “masculine” behaviour and “feminine” behaviour
What is Gender?
Gender is socially constructed
roles defining expected
behaviours for individuals of
each sex
Sociology emphasizes that the
act of classification shapes
gender behaviours and related
expectations
What are Gender Roles?
Gender roles are one set of roles that we perform in society, constructed through individuals’ performance in a social
situation
What are gender roles using Goffmans “on-stage” “off-stage” Idea?
Using Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective, the front stage is where we perform expected gender roles, the backstage reveals a different set of expected gender norms (sitting, attitude, clothes you wear)
What do people use gender cues for?
to indicate sex status and gender
roles
What does Repetative Performance of gender cause?
Repetative Performance of gender
contains the idea that gender is
natural, inevitable, and morally
justified
● Produced by all agents of
socialization
According to West and Zimmerman, what is Gender?
Gender is NOT a set of traits
Gender is a product of social doing
Gender is an ACCOMPLISHEMNT that we ACHIEVE in our SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
Doing gender means creating differences between ______ and ______
girls and boys and men and women
hese differences are not natural, essential or biological BUT once these differences are constructed, our daily interactions are used to reinforce the “essentialness” of gender
